Chapter 8

Question 1

What bones are part of the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 1

Clavicles, scapulae, humerus, radius, ulna, carpal bones, metacarpal bones, phalanges, coxal bones, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsal bones, metatarsal bones, phalanges

These bones form the limbs and girdles of the human body.

Question 2

What are the S-shaped bones that articulate lateral to the jugular notch?

Answer 2

Clavicles

Also known as collarbones.

Question 3

The medial end of the clavicle is also known as?

Answer 3

Sternal end

This end articulates with the sternum.

Question 4

What is the term for the articulation of the clavicles with the sternum?

Answer 4

Sternoclavicular joint

This joint connects the clavicle to the sternum.

Question 5

What is the term for the articulation of the clavicles with the scapulae?

Answer 5

Acromioclavicular joint

This joint connects the clavicle to the scapula.

Question 6

The acromion is continuous with a prominent ridge of bone on the posterior surface of the scapula known as the?

Answer 6

Spine of the scapula

This ridge runs along the posterior surface of the scapula.

Question 7

The anterior surface of the scapula is smooth and concave. The name of the concave depression is?

Answer 7

Subscapular fossa

This depression is located on the anterior surface of the scapula.

Question 8

The scapula is roughly triangular. What are the correct terms for the borders?

Answer 8

Superior border, medial (vertebral) border, lateral (axillary) border

These borders define the shape of the scapula.

Question 9

Where is the only direct connection between the pectoral girdle and the axial skeleton?

Answer 9

Sternoclavicular joint

This joint connects the clavicle to the sternum, linking the pectoral girdle to the axial skeleton.

Question 10

Where does the clavicle articulate?

Answer 10

Sternum and scapula

The clavicle articulates with the sternum medially and the scapula laterally.

Question 11

What constitutes the pectoral girdle?

Answer 11

Clavicles and scapulae

The pectoral girdle consists of the clavicles and scapulae.

Question 12

Where can you find the jugular notch?

Answer 12

Superior border of the manubrium

This notch is located on the superior border of the manubrium of the sternum.

Question 13

What is the most commonly fractured in a fall?

Answer 13

Clavicle

Due to its location and structure, the clavicle is commonly fractured in falls.

Question 14

What are girdles?

Answer 14

Bony structures that attach limbs to the axial skeleton

Girdles provide support and attachment points for the limbs.

Question 15

What is the depression on the posterior surface at the distal end of the humerus called?

Answer 15

Olecranon fossa

This depression accommodates the olecranon process of the ulna during elbow flexion.

Question 16

The ulnar nerve is exposed when it crosses the posterior surface of what process?

Answer 16

Medial epicondyle of the humerus

The ulnar nerve is vulnerable when it crosses this bony process.

Question 17

What process does the deltoid muscle attach to?

Answer 17

Deltoid tuberosity

This bony prominence serves as the attachment site for the deltoid muscle.

Question 18

Where are styloid processes?

Answer 18

Distal ends of the radius and ulna

These processes provide attachment points for ligaments and tendons.

Question 19

Which processes are found on the ulna?

Answer 19

Olecranon process, coronoid process

These processes are important for elbow function and stability.

Question 20

deltoid tuberosity vs radial tuberosity vs brachial tuberosity.

Answer 20

Deltoid tuberosity: Humerus, Radial tuberosity: Radius, Brachial tuberosity: Ulna

These tuberosities are specific to different bones of the upper limb.

Question 21

What are the four proximal carpal bones?

Answer 21

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

These bones form the proximal row of carpal bones in the wrist.

Question 22

Which ligament bounds the radius and ulna together?

Answer 22

Interosseous membrane

This membrane stabilizes and connects the radius and ulna in the forearm.

Question 23

Where is the trochlea located?

Answer 23

Medial condyle of the humerus

The trochlea is a bony structure on the humerus that articulates with the ulna.

Question 24

What is the antebrachium? What is it comprised of?

Answer 24

Forearm, Radius and ulna

The antebrachium refers to the region between the elbow and the wrist and includes the radius and ulna.

Question 25

What does the condyle of the humerus consist of?

Answer 25

Medial and lateral condyles ## Footnote These rounded bony projections articulate with the radius and ulna.

Question 26

What surface features are found on the radius?

Answer 26

Radial styloid process, radial tuberosity ## Footnote These features provide attachment points for ligaments and muscles.

Question 27

How many carpal bones are in the wrist? which form how many rows of bones?

Answer 27

8 carpal bones, 2 rows ## Footnote The wrist contains 8 carpal bones arranged in 2 rows.

Question 28

Which bones form the fingers?

Answer 28

Phalanges ## Footnote Phalanges are the bones that make up the fingers.

Question 29

Which bones give the hand a wide range of motion?

Answer 29

Carpal bones ## Footnote The carpal bones provide flexibility and mobility to the hand.

Question 30

The head of the radius articulates with the?

Answer 30

Capitulum of the humerus ## Footnote This articulation allows for rotation of the forearm.

Question 31

How many bones are in the wrist vs the palm? What are they called?

Answer 31

8 carpal bones in the wrist, 5 metacarpal bones in the palm ## Footnote The wrist contains carpal bones while the palm contains metacarpal bones.

Question 32

What is an upper limb bone?

Answer 32

Humerus, radius, ulna ## Footnote These bones form the upper limb of the human body.

Question 33

What process of the radius helps stabilize the wrist joint?

Answer 33

Styloid process ## Footnote The styloid process provides stability and support to the wrist joint.

Question 34

What bones make up the pelvis?

Answer 34

Ilium, ischium, pubis ## Footnote These bones fuse together to form the pelvic girdle.

Question 35

What bone articulates with the coxal bone at the acetabulum?

Answer 35

Femur ## Footnote The femur articulates with the coxal bone at the acetabulum of the hip.

Question 36

When seated, the weight of the body is borne by?

Answer 36

Ischial tuberosities ## Footnote These bony prominences support the weight of the body when seated.

Question 37

Where do the two pubic bones join medially?

Answer 37

Pubic symphysis ## Footnote This joint connects the two pubic bones in the front of the pelvis.

Question 38

What is the smooth articular surface of the acetabulum called?

Answer 38

Acetabular labrum ## Footnote This structure enhances the stability of the hip joint.

Question 39

What is the bony edge of the true pelvis consisting of the ilium and pubis called?

Answer 39

Arcuate line ## Footnote This bony ridge marks the boundary of the true pelvis.

Question 40

What is the pelvic inlet?

Answer 40

Superior opening of the pelvis ## Footnote This opening allows for the passage of the baby during childbirth.

Question 41

What is the largest component of the coxal bone?

Answer 41

Ilium ## Footnote The ilium is the largest and most superior component of the coxal bone.

Question 42

How do male pelvic outlet’s compare to woman's pelvic outlet?

Answer 42

Male pelvic outlet is narrower and smaller ## Footnote This difference is important for childbirth.

Question 43

The sacrum articulates with the?

Answer 43

Ilium ## Footnote The sacrum forms a joint with the ilium to complete the pelvic girdle.

Question 44

The ilium, ischium, and pubis fuse into a single bone called.

Answer 44

Coxal bone ## Footnote These three bones fuse during development to form the coxal bone.

Question 45

Which surface feature(s) along the ilium mark(s) attachment sites for large hip muscles?

Answer 45

Iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine, posterior superior iliac spine ## Footnote These bony landmarks serve as attachment points for hip muscles.

Question 46

The greater sciatic notch is a feature on the?

Answer 46

Ilium ## Footnote This notch is located on the ilium and allows for passage of nerves and blood vessels.

Question 47

The pelvic organs are mostly found within the?

Answer 47

True pelvis ## Footnote The true pelvis contains the pelvic organs including the bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum.

Question 48

What are the different types of hip fractures?

Answer 48

Intracapsular and extracapsular ## Footnote These fractures can occur within or outside the hip joint capsule.

Question 49

The ridge of bone that separates the medial and lateral condyles of the tibia is called?

Answer 49

Intercondylar eminence ## Footnote This ridge provides stability to the knee joint.

Question 50

What is the patella?

Answer 50

Kneecap ## Footnote The patella is a sesamoid bone located in front of the knee joint.

Question 51

Which lower leg bone does not carry any body weight?

Answer 51

Fibula ## Footnote The fibula provides muscle attachment and lateral stability but does not bear body weight.

Question 52

What is the longest and heaviest bone in the body?

Answer 52

Femur ## Footnote The femur is the thigh bone and supports the body's weight during standing and walking.

Question 53

What is the calcaneus?

Answer 53

Heel bone ## Footnote The calcaneus is the largest tarsal bone and forms the heel of the foot.

Question 54

What does the distal end of the tibia articulate with?

Answer 54

Talus ## Footnote The talus bone sits on top of the calcaneus and articulates with the distal end of the tibia.

Question 55

What are the tarsal bones?

Answer 55

Bones of the ankle ## Footnote These bones form the ankle joint and provide support for the foot.

Question 56

The part of the tibia that is easily felt through the skin and is known as the shin is the?

Answer 56

Tibia ## Footnote The tibia is the larger, weight-bearing bone of the lower leg.

Question 57

Where is the linea aspera located?

Answer 57

Posterior surface of the femur ## Footnote This ridge runs along the back of the femur and serves as an attachment site for muscles.

Question 58

The lateral malleolus is found on the? Vs the medial malleolus?

Answer 58

Fibula, Tibia ## Footnote The lateral malleolus is the bony prominence on the fibula, while the medial malleolus is on the tibia.

Question 59

How many bones does the tarsus contain?

Answer 59

7 bones ## Footnote The tarsus is made up of 7 bones that form the ankle and heel.

Question 60

The weight of the body is supported by the?

Answer 60

Talus and calcaneus ## Footnote These bones bear the weight of the body when standing.

Question 61

The talus articulates with the?

Answer 61

Tibia and fibula ## Footnote These bones form the ankle joint and allow for movement of the foot.

Question 62

What feature of the foot helps distribute body weight.

Answer 62

Longitudinal arches ## Footnote These arches help distribute body weight evenly across the foot.

Question 63

When standing normally, most of your weight is transmitted to the ground by the

Answer 63

Talus ## Footnote The talus bone transmits the body's weight to the ground through the foot.

Question 64

The clearest distinction between a male and female skeleton is seen in the characteristics of the?

Answer 64

Pelvis ## Footnote The pelvis shows distinct differences between male and female skeletons due to reproductive function.

Question 65

What kind of age-related changes occur in the skeleton?

Answer 65

Bone loss, decreased bone density, osteoarthritis ## Footnote Aging leads to changes in bone structure and density, increasing the risk of conditions like osteoarthritis.