Chapter 8

Question 1

**culture

Answer 1

Sets of learned behaviors and ideas that humans acquire as members of society. Humans use culture to adapt to and transform the world in which they live.

Question 2

**symbol

Answer 2

Something that stands for something else.

Question 3

**(human) agency

Answer 3

The exercise of at least some control over their lives by human beings.

Question 4

holism

Answer 4

Perspective on the human condition that assumes that mind and body, individuals and society, and individuals and the environment interpenetrate and even define one another.

Question 5

coevolution

Answer 5

The dialectical relationship between biological processes and symbolic cultural processes, in which each makes up an important part of the environment to which the other must adapt.

Question 6

**ethnocentrism

Answer 6

The opinion that one’s own way of life is natural or correct and, indeed, the only true way of being fully human.

Question 7

**cultural relativism

Answer 7

Understanding another culture in its own terms sympathetically enough so that the culture appears to be a coherent and meaningful design for living.

Question 8

**Cultural Authenticity

Answer 8

think tourism. they try to provide an “authentic” experience for tourists, which usually does not reflect reality or truth all the time.

Question 9

**Cultural determinism

Answer 9

Cultural determinism is the idea that the culture we are raised in determines the emotional and behavioural aspects of our personalities. It argues that environment determines who we are, rather than biology.