Chapter 8 Flashcards
(39 cards)
Sexual reproduction
2 parents produce genetically variable gametes by meiosis
Fertilization produces:
A zygote
Mitotic cell division produces:
Identical eukaryotic cells used in growth, tissue repair, and asexual reproduction
Apoptosis:
Programmed cell death
•structures cells and kills ones that could become cancerous
After a cell receives a signal to die:
Enzymes destroy the cell’s components (lysosomes)
Immune system cells dispose of the remains
Necrosis:
Cell death due to trauma or infection
Binary fission (3 steps):
- DNA first replicates
- 2 chromosomes attach to the cell membrane
- cell growth between the attachment points separates the chromosomes into 2 identical daughter cells
A chromosome consists of _
Chromatin
What is chromatin?
DNA plus protein
In _ cells, chromatin is organized into _
Eukaryotic/nucleosomes
A replicated chromosome consists of 2 identical sister chromatids attached at a section of DNA called a _
Centromere
Cell cycle events:
- cell prepares to divide
- dividing its genetic material
- dividing its cytoplasm
What sequence is a cell preparing to divide?
Interphase
Dividing its genetic material?
Mitosis
Dividing its cytoplasm?
Cytokinesis
Interphase includes _ _
Gap periods
Name the gap periods
G1, S Phase, and G2
What are the gap periods?
When the cell grows and produces molecules required for cell function and division
(CELL GROWTH)
What happens during the S Phase?
DNA replicates during the synthesis period
What phase is a cell in that isn’t dividing? “Resting phase”
G0 Phase
In animal cells, the _ duplicates during _
Centrosome/interphase
In animal cells, what forms a cleavage furrow to divide the cell into two?
Contractile ring
Plant cells divide as a _ _ forms between daughter cells
Cell plate
_ _ regulate cell division
Chemical signals
