Chapter 8 Flashcards

(51 cards)

1
Q

What is an organizational chart?

A

graphic display of the official lines of authority and communication within the organization.

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2
Q

What is authority?

A

the right to give work orders to others in the organization.

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3
Q

What is formal organization?

A

arrangement of positions as shown on an organizational chart that dictates where work activities are completed .

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4
Q

What is informal organization?

A

the relationships among positions that are not connected by the organizational chart.

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5
Q

Job specialization

A

division of work into smaller distinct tasks

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6
Q

job design

A

process of grouping tasks into jobs.

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7
Q

Classical approach to job design

A

design of jobs based on the principles of division of labor and specialization

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8
Q

behavioral approach to job design

A

design of jobs based on the view that workers are independent parts of the production process whose individual characteristics should be taken into account

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9
Q

What is job enlargement?

A

A behavioral approach to job design aimed at increasing the number of tasks that comprise a job

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10
Q

What is job rotation?

A

A behavioral approach to job design involving a deliberate plan to move workers to various jobs on a consistent, scheduled basis.

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11
Q

What is job enrichment?

A

A behavioral approach in which jobs are designed to increase the number of similar tasks involved.

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12
Q

Responsibility

A

the individual’s burden of accountability for attainment of the organization’s goals

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13
Q

What is the span of control

A

actual number of subordinates over which a position has authority

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14
Q

What is chain of command?

A

An organizing concept that ensures that all positions are directly linked in some way to top management.

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15
Q

What is the unity of command?

A

the principle that a subordinate should report to one immediate superior.

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16
Q

What is a scalar chain?

A

The principle of organizing whereby authority should flow through the organization from the top down

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17
Q

What is delegation?

A

assignment of work activities and authority to a subordinate

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18
Q

What is centralization?

A

Pattern of concentrating authority in a relatively few, high-level positions

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19
Q

What is decentralization?

A

When authority is dispersed to several positions at various levels in the organizations

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20
Q

What is organizational structure?

A

the way managers group jobs into departments and departments into divisions

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21
Q

What is departmentalization?

A

grouping of related jobs to form an administrative unit

22
Q

What is functional structure?

A

grouping of jobs according to similar economic activities

Ex) finance, marketing

23
Q

What is multidivisional structure?

A

the organization of departments together into larger groups called divisions

24
Q

What is product division structure?

A

organization of divisions by product

25
Geographic division structure
organization of divisions by geographic region
26
customer division structure
organization of divisions by customer
27
Holding company
an organization composed of several very different kinds of businesses
28
hybrid structure
combination of several different structures; it is the most common form of organizational structure
29
Matrix structure
members of different functional departments are chosen to work together temporarily on a specific project.
30
Network organization
does not make a good or provide a service but instead coordinates agreements and contracts with other organization to produce, distribute, and sell products
31
Team structure
Occurs when groups of employees are used to determine ways to allocate tasks and assign responsibilities.
32
virtual organization
occurs when organizational members in different geographic areas use information technology to collaborate on projects and objectives.
33
Complexity
level of differentiation among structural units
34
Formalization
degree to which the organization's procedures, rules, and personnel requirements are written down and enforced
35
Mechanistic organizations
structures that are highly formal and complex
36
organic organizations
structures that are less formal and fairly simple
37
munificent environment
organization has a large market for its product and has funds needed to continue operations readily available
38
scarce environment
money Is tight, the market is stagnant or declining
39
stable environment
environment in which stakeholder demands and specifically customer desires are well understood and relatively stable over time
40
turbulent environment
stakeholder demands are continuously changing or the primary technology is constantly being improved.
41
Small-batch technology
production of small numbers of goods in response to a specific customer request
42
Mass technology
production of large numbers of the same product
43
continuous technology
method of production in which raw materials flow continuously through a system that transforms them into finished products
44
Coordination
linking of jobs, departments, and divisions so that all parts work together
45
vertical coordination
integration of succeeding levels of the organization
46
horizontal coordination
linking of subunits on the same level
47
Simple structure
few departments, arranged by function headed by an owner with few technical support staff
48
machine bureaucracy
highly structured formal organization that emphasizes procedures and rules.
49
professional bureaucracy
organization that has a functional structure, and works best in stable environment
50
divisionalized form
typically very large corporation that has organized its departments into divisions
51
adhocracy
tries to maintain flexibility in the face of rapid environmental changes by using a matrix or network structure.