Chapter 8 9 Flashcards
(40 cards)
__________ IS THE PROCESS THROUGH WHICH A PERSON SHAPES HIS OR HER BEHAVIORAL PATTERNS ACCORDING TO THE ENVIRONMENT IN WHICH HE OR SHE LIVES.
Externalization
Socialization
Acculturation
Internalization
Socialization
THE TERM ATTACHMENT WAS DEVELOPED BY PSYCHOLOGIST __________.
Mary Ainsworth
Jean Piaget
Carol Gilligan
John Bowlby
John Bowlby
03
THE APPEARANCE OF __________, WHICH NORMALLY SHOWS UP AT AROUND 8 MONTHS OF AGE, IS AN INDICATION THAT A CHILD’S ATTACHMENT TO HIS OR HER PRIMARY CAREGIVER(S) IS GETTING STRONGER.
agoraphobia
separation anxiety
stranger anxiety
bedwetting
stranger anxiety
EACH MORNING WHEN 2-YEAR-OLD SAM COMES DOWNSTAIRS WITH HIS MOTHER, HE INSISTS ON CUDDLING WITH HER AND WATCHING HIS FAVORITE EPISODE OF “BLUE’S CLUES,” A POPULAR CHILDREN’S CARTOON PROGRAM. EVEN THOUGH HIS MOTHER IS VERY TIRED OF THIS SAME TELEVISION SHOW, SHE KNOWS THAT IT IS IMPORTANT TO LET SAM EXPERIENCE THIS. WHY?
Because the culture in which Sam and his mother live requires that children be given their way until they are at least 3 years of age. This promotes normal development.
Because if she doesn’t give Sam his familiar routine, he is likely to develop an anxious-avoidant attachment style.
Because Sam is very likely to tantrum if his routine is interrupted, and his mother should do everything to avoid a tantrum.
Because familiar experiences are an integral part of the development of attachment.
Because familiar experiences are an integral part of the development of attachment.
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CHILDREN IS MOST LIKELY TO HAVE A TEMPER TANTRUM WHEN HER FATHER LEAVES THE ROOM?
Ilsa, who has an anxious-ambivalent attachment to her father.
Nola, who has a secure attachment to her father.
Denia, who has a disorganized-disoriented attachment to her father.
Lakesha, who has an anxious-avoidant attachment to her father.
Ilsa, who has an anxious-ambivalent attachment to her father.
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS ABOUT THE EFFECT OF CULTURE ON PLAY IS THE MOST ACCURATE?
Children’s play varies greatly from culture to culture, and no one variable can predict exactly which type of interactions will be seen.
Children in very religious cultures play in a much more reserved manner than children in cultures that place less emphasis on religion.
Children in collectivist cultures play more cooperatively than children in individualistic cultures.
Children play in every culture, and the way they interact is surprisingly universal.
Children play in every culture, and the way they interact is surprisingly universal.
07
AS A RESULT OF HIS OBSERVATIONS OF CHILDREN PLAYING IN THE COMMUNITIES OF LA PAZ AND SAN ANDRES, BOTH LOCATED IN MEXICO, ANTHROPOLOGIST DOUGLAS FRY CONCLUDED THAT AGGRESSION WAS:
the result of learned social behavior, which begins in childhood
instinctive to young boys, but rarely seen in young girls.
easily muted in boys, as long as they were exposed to girls around whom aggression was not appropriate
not tolerated because religion preached friendship and love and punished acts of aggression.
the result of learned social behavior, which begins in childhood
THE PROCESS OF PRACTICING SELF-DISCIPLINE, A CONCEPT LABELED BY LEV VYGOTSKY AS SELF-__________, IS SOMETHING THAT PLAY HELPS CHILDREN DEVELOP.
monitoring
control
regulation
efficacy
Regulation
PSYCHOLOGIST CARL JUNG BELIEVED THAT WE DO NOT ESTABLISH A SENSE OF SELF UNTIL WE REACH __________.
puberty
adolescence
adulthood
parenthood
adolescence
THE BATTLE FOR INDEPENDENCE BETWEEN ADOLESCENTS AND THEIR PARENTS USUALLY BEGINS IN THE __________ TEENS AND DOES NOT END UNTIL __________.
late; the adolescent becomes a parent
mid; the adolescent moves out of the home
early; late teens
early; mid teens
early; mid teens
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING COUNTRIES HAS THE HIGHEST RATE OF TEEN PREGNANCY IN THE WESTERN WORLD?
France
Canada
The United States of America
Ireland
The United States of America
__________ ADULTHOOD IS A PERIOD DURING A PERSON’S EARLY 20S IN WHICH THEY STILL DEPEND ON THEIR PARENTS FOR FINANCIAL AND EMOTIONAL SUPPORT.
Early
Emerging
Transitional
Adolescent
Emerging
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WOMEN IS LIKELY TO REPORT THE LOWEST LEVEL OF SATISFACTION IN HER MARRIAGE?
Peg, who is a housewife and mother of 3.
Deb, who has one child and has taken a 2 year leave of absence from her job.
Pam, who has no children and a successful practice as a lawyer.
Rita, who has two children and is also employed full-time as an accountant.
Rita, who has two children and is also employed full-time as an accountant.
HENRY IS 96 YEARS OLD, AND HE REMAINS VERY ACTIVE. HE STILL PLAYS GOLF, ALTHOUGH HE ONLY HAS THE ENERGY FOR 9 HOLES INSTEAD OF 18. HE GOES FOR WALKS EVERY DAY, PLAYS CARDS WITH OTHERS AT THE SENIOR CENTER, DOES HIS OWN SHOPPING, AND MAKES SURE TO GET OUT TO A MOVIE AT LEAST ONCE EVERY FEW MONTHS. ACCORDING TO THE __________ THEORY OF AGING, HENRY WILL BE HAPPIEST AS LONG AS HE CONTINUES DOING THE THINGS THAT HE ENJOYS AND IS PHYSICALLY CAPABLE OF DOING.
activation synthesis
activity
disengagement
socioemotional selectivity
activity
IN THEIR RESEARCH INTO THE FUNCTION OF MEMORY IN YOUNGER, MIDDLE AGED, AND OLDER ADULTS, CARTENSEN AND HER COLLEAGUES FOUND THAT OLDER ADULTS:
actually have much better memories of life experiences than do younger adults.
were less able to remember their own experiences, but were more able to remember skills.
selectively remembered positive events while forgetting negative ones.
showed no sign of memory impairment unless there was an identifiable organic/physical cause.
selectively remembered positive events while forgetting negative ones.
IN ORDER FOR KOHLBERG TO COME UP WITH HIS THEORY OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT, HE PRESENTED SUBJECTS WITH A STORY THAT HAD QUITE A BIT OF MORAL AMBIGUITY IN IT, AND THEN ASKED THEM QUESTIONS THAT TAPPED INTO THEIR METHODS OF REASONING RIGHT AND WRONG. THE STORY THAT KOHLBERG MOST FREQUENTLY USED WAS CALLED THE “__________ DILEMMA.”
Prisoner’s
Gottschalk
Heinz
Presidential
Heinz
BY WHAT AGE DOES KOHLBERG’S THEORY STATE THAT WE TEND TO ENTER THE CONVENTIONAL LEVEL OF MORAL REASONING?
Toddlerhood
Early adolescence
Early adulthood
Middle adulthood
Early adolescence
WHEN PEOPLE ARE GIVEN A MORAL DILEMMA THAT PRESENTS NO CLEAR INDICATION OF “RIGHT” AND “WRONG,” LEAVING THEM WITH DIFFICULTY IN GIVING A RATIONAL EXPLANATION FOR THEIR OWN MORAL LEANINGS, THIS IS CALLED MORAL __________.
moratorium
turpitude
stumping
dumbfounding
dumbfounding
IN STUDYING MORAL FEELINGS ON YOUTHS FROM LOW-INCOME HIGH-RISK NEIGHBORHOODS, PSYCHOLOGIST DANIEL HART DETERMINED THAT SOCIAL FACTORS SUCH AS __________ CAN CONTRIBUTE TO MORAL DEVELOPMENT.
socioeconomic status
parental influence
involvement in church or temple
volunteering in community action groups
parental influence
YOUNG JAMAL IS ASKED WHETHER IT IS RIGHT FOR A POLICE OFFICER TO GIVE A SPEEDING TICKET TO A MAN WHO IS DRIVING HIS DAUGHTER TO THE HOSPITAL AFTER A SERIOUS INJURY THAT LEFT HER WITH SEVERAL BROKEN BONES. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ANSWERS WOULD DEMONSTRATE THE POSTCONVENTIONAL LEVEL OF MORAL REASONING IN JAMAL?
“He broke the rules. He should get a ticket, but should have to pay less than someone who was speeding for no good reason.”
“Everyone speeds and he has a good reason, so he shouldn’t get a ticket.”
“Speeding is breaking the rules, and when you break the rules you deserve to be punished.”
“The man was trying to get his daughter to help, and he wasn’t hurting anyone. As long as he doesn’t normally speed, he should be let off with a warning.”
“The man was trying to get his daughter to help, and he wasn’t hurting anyone. As long as he doesn’t normally speed, he should be let off with a warning.”
THE BRAIN’S REMEMBERED RESPONSE TO EXPERIENCING AN EMOTION IS THE __________ EXPERIENCE OF AN EMOTION.
physiological
cognitive
affective
expressive
Cognitive
ALTHOUGH LANGUAGES MAY DIFFER FROM CULTURE TO CULTURE, THE UNIVERSALITY HYPOTHESIS OF CHARLES DARWIN SUGGESTS THAT __________ ARE UNIFORM ACROSS DIFFERENT CULTURES.
body postures
vocal intonations
facial expressions
physical events (e.g., shaking hands)
Facial expressions
DESPITE THE FACT THAT A PREFRONTAL LOBOTOMY CAN, IN FACT, HELP TO REDUCE THE INTENSITY OF EMOTIONS, IT ALSO HAS THE SIDE EFFECT OF:
impairing a person’s ability to plan or manage their life.
interrupting motor skills in the legs and feet.
causing the hallucinations and delusions often associated with schizophrenia.
causing severe long-term memory loss.
impairing a person’s ability to plan or manage their life.
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING PHYSICAL CHANGES IS NOT LIKELY TO BE INITIATED BY THE SYMPATHETIC DIVISION OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM?
Increased pupil dilation
Accelerated heart rate
Increased salivation
Increased perspiration
Increased salivation
