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Human Biology > Chapter 8- Heart and Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Chapter 8- Heart and Blood Vessels Flashcards

Exam 3 (89 cards)

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1
Q

Blood vessel, carries blood away from the heart

A

Arteries

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2
Q

Blood vessel, high pressure and thick walled

A

Artery

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3
Q

Blood vessel, microscopic, exchanges solutes and interstitial fluid w cells

A

Capillaries

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4
Q

Blood vessel, returns blood to the heart

A

Veins

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5
Q

Blood vessel, low pressure and thin walled

A

Veins

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6
Q

Layers of the artery (inner to outer 3)

A

1) endothelium (squamous epithelial)
2) smooth muscle
3) connective tissue

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7
Q

Defect in artery wall, bulge or balloon

A

Aneurism

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8
Q

Aneurism can be surgically repaired with a

A

Stent Grapft

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9
Q

Blood flow from heart to….

A

Heart > Arteries > Arterioles > Capillaries > Venule > Vein > Heart

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10
Q

Muscles that control blood flow from arterioles into capillaries

A

Precapillary Sphincters

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11
Q

Relaxation of vascular smooth muscle, increases blood flow to capillaries

A

Vasodilation

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12
Q

Contraction of vascular smooth muscle, decreases blood flow to capillaries (shunt)

A

Vasoconstriction

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13
Q

Where blood exchanges substances with tissues

A

Capillaries

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14
Q

Selective control of what enters/ exits blood vessel

A

Porous

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15
Q

Extensive network of capillaries

A

Capillary beds

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16
Q

Capillary allows in (from cell)

A

fluid, CO2 wastes (to move to lungs and out of body)

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17
Q

Capillary allows out (into cell)

A

fluid, O2, nutrients, raw materials

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18
Q

System that helps maintain blood volume and excess water to circulate

A

Lymphatic System

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19
Q

More stretchy and lumen has larger diameter than artery

A

veins

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20
Q

opening in center of blood vessel

A

lumen

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21
Q

ability to stretch

A

distensibility

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22
Q

Serves as blood volume reservoir (can hold excess blood if needed)

A

veins

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23
Q

Blood Return to Heart (3 Mechanisms)

A

1) Contraction of Skeletal muscles
2) One-way valves, blood flows up and when closed prevent it from falling back down
3) Pressure changes in breathing push blood to the heart

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24
Q

Medium- and large-size vessels maintain a partial state of muscle contraction, resulting in high intravessel pressure.

A

Arteries

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25
This blood vessel transports blood from the heart to the capillaries.
Artery
26
The inner walls are lined with endothelium to create a smooth, low-friction surface.
Vein, Artery
27
This blood vessel permits exchange of nutrients and gases between blood and tissues.
Capillary
28
Skeletal muscle pumps aid blood flow in this blood vessel
Vein
29
This blood vessel transports blood from the capillaries to the heart.
Vein
30
The "lub" of the lub-DUB sounds heard through a stethoscope when listening to the heart is produced by the
closing of the two atrioventricular valves.
31
These structures serve as gates that regulate blood flow from arterioles into capillaries.
precapillary sphincters
32
A cerebral embolism blocks an artery carrying blood to the
Brain
33
Baroreceptors are located in these arteries
aorta and carotid
34
Heart murmurs result from the incomplete closure of heart
valves
35
Which layer of the heart is in contact with the blood
endocardium
36
fibrous sac that surrounds, protects and anchors the heart
pericardium
37
blood vessels that deliver oxygen to cardiac muscles
coronary arteries
38
open heart surgery, go around blockages to reroute blood flow in artery
bypass surgery
39
layers of the heart (3)
1) epicardium 2) myocardium 2) endocardium
40
layer of the heart, thin layer of epithelial and connective tissue
epicardium
41
layer of the heart, muscle, thick layer of cardiac muscle
myocardium
42
layer of the heart, thin later of endothelial tissue, same as lining of blood vessels
endocardium
43
contracts when the heart beats
myocardium
44
upper chambers of the heart
atria
45
lower chambers of the heart
ventricles
46
muscular partition separating right and left sides of the heart
septum?
47
4 Valves
1 & 2) Atrioventricular (AV) valves 3 & 4) Semilunar valves
48
Right AV valve
Tricuspid valve
49
Left AV Valve
Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve
50
2 Semilunar valves
1)Pulmonary valve 2) Aortic valve
51
2 Circuts of blood flow
1) Pulmonary Circut (lungs) 2) Systemic Circut ( rest of body)
52
Circut dealing with O2 intake and CO2 disposal
Pulmonary
53
Circut dealing with O2 use and CO2 production
Systemic
54
Blood passes through the heart _____ times for every one trip around the body
2
55
First trip of blood through heart
deoxygenated blood through the right side
56
Second trip of blood through the heart
oxygenated blood through the left side of the heart
57
arteries supplying the heart muscle (myocardium)
coronary arteries
58
veins collecting blood from myocardium and channel it back to the right atrium
coronary veins
59
heart sounds are the result of
closing heart valves
60
the lub sound is the closing of ____ during _____
AV valves, ventricular systole
61
the dub sounds is the closing of ______ during _______
Semilunar valves, ventricular diastole
62
ventricular contraction, forcing blood into the arteries.
Ventricular systole
63
caused when blood flow is disrupted, may be sign of defect
heart murmur
64
when the blood vessels return blood to the heart in preparation for the next ventricular contraction.
Ventricular diastole
65
the force of blood on the wall of the blood vessels
blood pressure
66
highest pressure, as blood is ejected
systolic pressure
67
normal range of blood pressure
lower than 120/80 mmHg
68
lowest pressure, as blood returns to heart
diastolic pressure
69
device used to measure blood pressure
sphygmomanometer
70
sustained high blood pressure, risk factor for cardiovascular disease
hypertension
71
high blood pressures effects on blood vessels and heart
vessels become hardened and scarred, heart strain
72
low blood pressure, may cause dizziness or fainting
hypotension
73
records the heart's electrical activity
electrocardiogram (EKG)
74
homeostatic regulation of the cardiovascular system center relies on
maintaining a constant arterial pressure
75
maintaining a constant arterial pressure achieved by regulating (2)
1) cardiac output 2) diameter of arteriols
76
pressure recepters that maintain arterial blood pressure
baroreceptors
77
where are baroreceptors located (2)
1) Aorta arteries 2) Carteroid arteries
78
If blood pressure to high,
1) BP rises, vessels are stretched 2) baroreceptors activated, signals sent at an increased rate 3) signals travel to the cardiovascular center in the brain 4) CV center in the brain sends signals to the heart to lower the heart rate and lower the force of contraction 5) Blood vessels signaled to reduce vascular resistance, increasing blood flow to tissues
79
If BP too high
CV center in brain sends signals to heart to lower heart rate and lower force of contraction, blood vessels increase blood flow to tissues
80
If BP too low
CV center in brain sends signals to heart to increase heart rate and force of contraction, blood vessels decrease blood flow to tissues
81
#1 killer in US
Cardiovascular disease
82
condition caused by narrowing of coronary arteries and diminished blood flow to coronary muscles
Angina
83
a condition caused by the sudden death of an area of the myocardium (permanent damage to heart tissue)
Heart Attack
84
condition caused by weakened heart
Heart failure
85
can de detected by enzymes in blood by blood test
heart attack
86
condition caused by sudden blockage of blood vessel by material floating in blood stream
embolism
87
condition caused by damage to blood vessels in the brain
stroke
88
cerebral embolism is blocking blood flow to ____ and can cause ____
brain, stroke
89
how long does a heart transplant last
15 years

Human Biology (14 decks)

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