Chapter 6

Question 1

3 Types of Muscle Tissue

Answer 1

Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth

Question 2

Structure of a skeletal muscle

Answer 2

What

Question 3

3 Functions of Muscular System

Answer 3

1) Movement of organism
2) Movement of materials within
3) Temperature Regulation

Question 4

Cells of Muscles are called

Answer 4

Muscle Fibers

Question 5

Type of Muscle Fiber, Uninucleated, Not striated, pointed cylinders, parralel forming sheets

Answer 5

Smooth Muscle Fiber

Question 6

Muscle Contraction in Smooth Muscle is

Answer 6

Involuntary

Question 7

Type of Muscle Fiber, uninucleated, striated, tubular

Answer 7

Cardiac Muscle Fiber

Question 8

Type of muscle that has branched muscle fibers and incarcerated disks

Answer 8

Cardiac

Question 9

Type of Muscle Fiber, multinucleated, striated, tubular

Answer 9

Skeletal Muscle Fiber

Question 10

Skeletal Muscle Contraction is

Answer 10

voluntary

Question 11

Cardiac muscle contraction is

Answer 11

Involuntary

Question 12

Skeletal Muscles are attached to the skeleton, and their contraction causes movement on bones at their

Answer 12

joints

Question 13

Functions of Skeletal Muscles

Answer 13

1) Support
2) Movement
3)Temp regulation
4) Protection of internal organs
5)Stabilize Joints

Question 14

Function of Cardiac Muscles

Answer 14

Heart beat, circulation of blood

Question 15

Bundle of skeletal muscle fiber

Answer 15

Fascicle

Question 16

Connective tissue that covers muscles and extends to become its tendon

Answer 16

Fascia

Question 17

Attachment site to the stationary bone

Answer 17

Origin (of a muscle)

Question 18

The attachment on the bone that moves

Answer 18

Insertion (of a muscle)

Question 19

The muscle that does most of the work

Answer 19

Agonist (prime mover)

Question 20

Assists the agonist

Answer 20

Synergist

Question 21

The muscle that acts opposite to the prime mover

Answer 21

Antagonist

Question 22

If the antagonist and the agonist contract at the same time

Answer 22

NO movement

Question 23

Rectus means

Answer 23

straight

Question 24

What is used to name skeletal muscles

Answer 24

Size, Shape, Location, Direction of muscle fibers, Attachment location or number

Question 25

Transverse means

Answer 25

across

Question 26

oblique means

Answer 26

diagonal

Question 27

Muscle contractile unit

Answer 27

Sacromere

Question 28

Park of sarcomere, forms thick filaments

Answer 28

Myosin

Question 29

Part of sarcomere, forms thin filaments

Answer 29

Actin

Question 30

Process of contraction (4 steps)

Answer 30

1) Muscle activated by nerve 2) Nerve activation increases calcium ions near contractile proteins 3) Presence of Calcium permits contraction 4) When nerve stimulation stops, contraction stops

Question 31

Principle source of energy

Answer 31

ATP

Question 32

Required for muscle contraction and relaxation

Answer 32

ATP

Question 33

Anaerobic or Aerobic metabolism of glucose produces more ATP

Answer 33

Aerobic

Question 34

Anaerobic

Answer 34

Without Oxygen

Question 35

Aerobic

Answer 35

With Oxygen

Question 36

A type of nervous system cell that stimulates muscle fibers to contract

Answer 36

Motor nuron

Question 37

Group of neurons

Answer 37

Nerve

Question 38

The part of a neuron that stimulates a muscle fiber or several

Answer 38

Axon

Question 39

Where an axon terminal comes near the sarcolemma

Answer 39

Neuromuscular junction

Question 40

end of an axon

Answer 40

axon terminal

Question 41

thin tissue layer over muscle cell

Answer 41

sarcolemma

Question 42

the space that separates axon terminal and sarcolemma

Answer 42

synaptic cleft

Question 43

ACh (Acetylcholine)

Question 44

Axon terminals contain these

Answer 44

Synaptic Vesicles

Question 45

Synaptic Vesicles are filled with this neurotransmitter

Answer 45

Acetylcholine

Question 46

When nerve signals traveling down axon arrive at an axon terminal,

Answer 46

synaptic vesicles release Ach into synaptic cleft

Question 47

Disease in which muscles contract forcefully, caused by a bacteria-producing toxin, death by respiratory failure

Answer 47

Tetanus

Question 48

Botulism toxins, deadliest, bind neurons and prevent muscle contractions

Answer 48

Clostridium botulinum

Question 49

Small, fluid-filled sacs found between tendons and bones, acts as cushion and lubricant

Answer 49

bursae

Question 50

Why is tetanus so bad ( how does it happen)

Answer 50

blocks release of inhibitory neurotransmitter, muscles cant stop contracting

Question 51

How does botulism happen

Answer 51

blocks release of Acetylcholine, muscles cant contract

Question 52

Which of the three main types of muscles has intercalated disks in its cells?

Answer 52

Cardiac

Question 53

Cardiac muscle differs from skeletal muscle in that

Answer 53

it is involuntary

Question 54

A muscle is arranged in bundles of muscle fibers, called

Answer 54

faciscles

Question 55

The principle, recyclable, short-term energy molecule used by all human cells is

Answer 55

ATP

Question 56

Muscle fibers are mainly comprised of which organic macromolecule?

Answer 56

protein

Question 57

Which of the three muscle types do you find in the walls of blood vessels and the intestine?

Answer 57

Smooth

Question 58

What structure connects muscle to bone?

Answer 58

Tendons

Question 59

Which of the three muscles types has multiple nuclei per cell?

Answer 59

Skeletal

Question 60

Name the connective tissue that covers whole muscles.

Answer 60

Fascia

Question 61

Connection of Actin and Myosin

Answer 61

Z line

Question 62

Once a muscle cell has depleted its small supply of ready-made ATP, what will it use next for energy?

Answer 62

Creatine Phosphate

Question 63

Skeletal muscle groups that work together to create the same movement are referred to as

Answer 63

Synergistic

Question 64

The primary energy source used by muscle cells to generate ATP is

Answer 64

Glucose

Question 65

Which sequence lists the structures from largest, most inclusive, to smallest? a.muscle fiber-myofibril-muscle-fascicle-thick filament b.muscle-thick filament-fascicle-muscle fiber-myofibril c.thick filament-fascicle-myofibril-muscle-muscle fiber d.muscle-fascicle-muscle fiber-myofibril-thick filament e.fascicle-muscle-myofibril-muscle fiber-thick filament

Answer 65

d

Answer 66

Myofibril

Question 67

Neurotransmitter that has an excitatory effect on skeletal muscle, causing it to contract.

Answer 67

Acetylcholine

Question 68

We are unable to exert any conscious control over the contraction

Answer 68

Involuntary, smooth or cardiac muscle.

Question 69

How does botulism toxin keep skeletal muscles from contracting?

Answer 69

Botulism toxin blocks nerve functions, and nerves are required for a muscle to contract. When a muscle is contracting, it is because vesicles with acetylcholine have traveled into the receptors of the muscle cells, causing the units to contract. Botulism toxin blocks the receptors so that the acetylcholine cannot go into the receptors and activate the muscle.

Question 70

How does tetanus toxin keep skeletal muscles in a constant state of contraction?

Answer 70

Tetanus toxin blocks the release of neurotransmitter that would stop the contraction so it just keeps on contracting.

Question 71

Single muscle cell

Answer 71

Myofibril

Question 72

Test, electrodes stimulate nerve and record nerve response

Answer 72

Nerve conduction test

Question 73

Test, stimulates muscle, or stimulates nerve and records muscle response

Answer 73

Electromyography test

Question 74

Drug that blocks Cholinestrerase form breaking down acetylcholine in the muscles

Answer 74

Edrophonium

Question 75

Immune system attacks cells that they dont recognize as their own

Answer 75

Autoimmune disease

Question 76

Autoimmune disease that stops that breakdown of acetylcholine in the muscle

Answer 76

Myasthenia gravis

Question 77

Allows muscles to contract

Answer 77

acetylcholine