Chapter 8, nervous system, pages 256–259

Question 1

Acetylcholine

Answer 1

Chemical that stimulates cells.

Question 2

Afferent (sensory) neurons

Answer 2

Neuron that carries information from the sensory receptors to the central nervous system.

Question 3

Arachnoid

Answer 3

Middle layer of the meninges.

Question 4

Astrocyte, Astroglia

Answer 4

A type of neuroglia that maintains nutrient and chemical levels in neurons.

Question 5

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 5

Part of the peripheral nervous system that carries impulses from the central nervous system to glands, smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and various membranes.

Question 6

Axon

Answer 6

Part of a nerve cell that conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body.

Question 7

Basal ganglia

Answer 7

Large masses of gray matter within the cerebrum.

Question 8

Brain

Answer 8

Body organ responsible for controlling the body’s functions and interactions with outside stimuli.

Question 9

Brainstem

Answer 9

One of the four major divisions of the brain; division that control certain heart, lung, and visual functions.

Question 10

Cell body

Answer 10

Part of a nerve cell that has branches or fibers that reach out to send or receive impulses.

Question 11

Central nervous system

Answer 11

The brain and spinal cord.

Question 12

Cerebellum

Answer 12

One of the four major divisions of the brain; division that coordinate musculoskeletal movements.

Question 13

Cerebral cortex

Answer 13

Outer portion of the cerebrum.

Question 14

Cerebrospinal fluid CSF

Answer 14

Watery fluted that flows throughout the brain and around the spinal cord.

Question 15

Cerebrum

Answer 15

One of the four major divisions of the brain; division involved with emotions, memory, conscious thought, moral behavior, sensory interpretations, is certain bodily movements.

Question 16

Conductivity

Answer 16

Ability to transmit a signal.

Question 17

Convolutions

Answer 17

Folds in the cerebral cortex; gyri.

Question 18

Corpus callosum

Answer 18

Bridge of nerve fibers that connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum.

Question 19

Cranial nerves

Answer 19

Any of 12 pairs of nerves that carry impulses to and from the brain.

Question 20

Cranium

Answer 20

Bony structure that the brain sits in.

Question 21

Dendrite

Answer 21

A thin branching extension of a nerve cell that conducts nerve impulses toward the cell body.

Question 22

Diencephalon

Answer 22

One of the four major structures of the brain; it is the deep portion of the brain and contains the thalamus.

Question 23

Dura mater

Answer 23

Outermost layer of the meninges.

Question 24

Efferent (motor) neuron

Answer 24

Neuron that carries information to the muscles and glands from the central nervous system.

Question 25

Epidural space

Answer 25

Area between the pia matter and the bones of the spinal cord.

Question 26

Epithalamus

Answer 26

One of the parts of the diencephalon serves as a sensory relay station.

Question 27

Excitability

Answer 27

Ability to respond to stimuli.

Question 28

Fissure

Answer 28

One of many indentations of the cerebrum; sulcus.

Question 29

Frontal lobe

Answer 29

One of the four parts of each hemisphere of the cerebrum.

Question 30

Gyrus (pl., gyri)

Answer 30

Convolutions; folds the cerebral cortex.

Question 31

Hypothalamus

Answer 31

One of the parts of the diencephalon; serves as a sensory relay station.

Question 32

Interneuron

Answer 32

Neuron that carries and possesses sensory information.

Question 33

Medela oblongata

Answer 33

Part of the brainstem that regulates heart and lung functions, swallowing, vomiting, coughing and sneezing.

Question 34

Meninges

Answer 34

Three layers of membranes that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord.

Question 35

Microglia

Answer 35

A type of the neuroglia that removes the debris.

Question 36

Midbrain

Answer 36

Part of the brainstem involved with visual reflexes.

Question 37

Myelin sheath

Answer 37

Fatty tissue that covers axons.

Question 38

Nerve

Answer 38

Bundle of neurons that bear electrical charges to the organs and muscles of the body.

Question 39

Nerve cell

Answer 39

Basic cell of the nervous system having three parts: cell body, dendrite, and axon; also called a neuron.

Question 40

Nerve impulse

Answer 40

Released energy that is received or transmitted by tissue or organs and that usually provokes a response.

Question 41

Neurilemma

Answer 41

Membrane covering that protects the myelin sheath.

Question 42

Neuroglia, neuroglial cell

Answer 42

Cell of the nervous system that does not transmit impulses.

Question 43

Neuron

Answer 43

Basic cell of the nervous system having three parts; also called a nerve cell.

Question 44

Neurotransmitters

Answer 44

Various substances located in tiny sacs at the end of the axon.

Question 45

Occipital lobe

Answer 45

One of the four parts of each hemisphere of the cerebrum.

Question 46

Oligodendroglia

Answer 46

A type of neuroglia that produces myelin and helps to support neurons.

Question 47

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 47

Part of the autonomic nervous system of that operates when the body is in a normal state.

Question 48

Parietal lobe

Answer 48

One of the four parts of each hemisphere of the cerebrum.

Question 49

Pia mater

Answer 49

Innermost layer of meninges.

Question 50

Pons

Answer 50

Part of the brainstem that controls certain respiratory functions.

Question 51

Receptor

Answer 51

Tissue or organ that receives nerve impulses.

Question 52

Somatic nervous system

Answer 52

Part of the peripheral nervous system that receives and processes sensory input from various parts of the body.

Question 53

Spinal cord

Answer 53

Ropelike tissue that sits inside the vertebral column and from which spinal nerves extend.

Question 54

Spinal nerves

Answer 54

Any of 31 pairs of nerves that carry messages to and from the spinal cord and the torso and extremities.

Question 55

Stimulus

Answer 55

Anything that arouses a response.

Question 56

Subdural space

Answer 56

Area between the dura mater and the pia mater across which that arachnoid mater runs.

Question 57

Sulcus

Answer 57

Fissure; one of many indentations of the cerebrum.

Question 58

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 58

Part of the autonomic nervous system that operates when the body is under stress.

Question 59

Synapse

Answer 59

Space over which nerve impulses jump from one neuron to another.

Question 60

Temporal lobe

Answer 60

One of the four parts of each hemisphere of the cerebrum.

Question 61

Terminal end fibers

Answer 61

Group of fibers at the end of an axon that passes the impulses leaving the neuron to the next neuron.

Question 62

Thalamus

Answer 62

One of the four parts of the diencephalon; serves as a sensory relay station.

Question 63

Ventral thalamus

Answer 63

One of the four parts of the diencephalon; serves as a sensory relay station.

Question 64

Ventricle

Answer 64

Cavity in the brain for cerebrospinal fluid.