Chapter 8 - STIs

Question 1

STIs are often either ___ or ____

Answer 1

bacteria (treated with antibiotics) or viruses (symptom management)

Question 2

STI screening

Answer 2

testing for STI even in the absence of symptoms; couple might decide to be screened before becoming sexually active together

Question 3

STI testing

Answer 3

use when you have reason to suspect you may have been exposed to an infection

Question 4

chlamydia

Answer 4

most common bacterial infection in Canada; young heterosexual people have the highest incidence in Canada; often asymptomatic but can be mild discharge from vagina, penis, or anus; can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease

Question 5

gonorrhea

Answer 5

bacterial; highest prevalence is men who have sex with men and travelers who had sex abroad; yellowish green discharge from the urethra, vagina, or anus; may cause PID in women and impede fertility

Question 6

syphilis

Answer 6

bacterial; prevalence in MSM, travelers who had sex abroad, and visiting outbreak areas
primary: painless ulcer (chancre)
secondary: rash on palms, feet, and trunk
tertiary: affects blood vessels, heart, eyes, and brain

Question 7

herpes

Answer 7

viral; can be transmitted when asymptomatic; painful blisters; ~13.6% of Canadians have type 2
HSV 1: orolabial and anogenital areas, “cold sores”
HSV 2: anogenital areas

Question 8

human papillomavirus (HPV)

Answer 8

more than 120 types identified, more than 40 are transmitted sexually; transmitted by skin to skin; not a reportable disease; est. the most prevalent in CAN; common amongst uni students

Question 9

____ types of HPV can lead to genital warts and low-grade genital disease

Answer 9

low risk

Question 10

____ types of HPV can lead to precancerous lesions or cancer of thr genitals/mouth/resp. tr.

Answer 10

high risk

Question 11

how many vaccines are approved for the prevention of HPV in Canada?

Answer 11

three
-prevent against high and low risk strains

Question 12

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Answer 12

most prevalent in MSM, injection drug users, and ppl from countries where HIV is endemic

Question 13

how is HIV transmitted

Answer 13

when blood/bodily fluids come into contact; can be transmitted by sexual and non-sexual means; diagnosed by blood test

Question 14

symptoms of HIV

Answer 14

flu-like; immune function will be compromised over time; if left further untreated it will progress to AIDS

Question 15

treating HIV

Answer 15

anti-retroviral drugs must be taken with rigorous consistency in order to be effective; can make the infected indv viral load drop to such a low level that they may become less infectious or even non-infectious
-not a cure, virus will return if stopped

Question 16

HIV transmission

Answer 16

treating HIV can prevent mother to infant transmission; post-exposure prophylaxis is available to professionals (nurses/police) who may have been accidentally exposed

Question 17

hepatitis A

Answer 17

epidemic levels in “closed” communities such as prisons; contaminated food served in residential settings
transmitted by fecal-oral routes
jaundice and flu like symptoms
symptom-spec treatments + vax

Question 18

hepatitis B

Answer 18

widespread among MSM, injection drug users, among people from countries where the disease is prevalent + where blood products aren’t screened
transmitted thru sexual contact and IV drug use
treated by antiviral drugs; vax available; safer IV use

Question 19

hepatitis C

Answer 19

IV drug users, healthcare settings with poor infection control, and where blood products are not screened; prevalent among HIV pos MSM
transmitted by sexual contact
treated by antiviral drugs; safer IV use

Question 20

trichomoniasis

Answer 20

protozoan infection commonly spread thru sexual contact; uncommon in canada more common in parts of africa; symptoms inc yellowish discharge but many are symptomatic; treated with oral drug (metronidazole); in/external condoms can help prevention

Question 21

pubic lice and scabies

Answer 21

infestations of small parasites; uncommon un canada; transmitted by direct sexual contact and non direct contact with contaminated sheets; treated by ointments and shampoos

Question 22

moniliasis

Answer 22

AKA candidiasis/thrush, vag yeast infection caused by overgrowth of naturally occurring vag organisms; symptoms include ithciness, odour, discharge; oral/topical drugs can be used as treatment

Question 23

bacterial vaginosis

Answer 23

overgrowth of bacteria that normally lives in the vagina; not generally considered an STI but if left untreated could raise susceptibility to other STIs; oral drugs and/or nightly vaginal insertion of drugs for treatment