Chapter 8 Test

Question 1

The “white” of the eye

Answer 1

Sclera

Question 2

area of the retina that contains only cones

Answer 2

fovea centralis

Question 3

The structure that drains the aqueous humor of the eye

Answer 3

Trabecular meshwork

Question 4

Types of vision

Answer 4

myopia, emmetropia, hyperopia

Question 5

Myopia

Answer 5

Nearsighted
Light from distant objects is focused in front of retina
Cause: eyeball too long, lens too strong, cornea too curved
Correction: need concave corrective lenses

Question 6

Emmetropia

Answer 6

“Normal vision”

Lens focussing light on retina

Question 7

Hyperopia

Answer 7

Farsighted
Light from distant object focused behind retina
Cause: eyeball too short, “lazy lens”
Correction: need convex correction lenses

Question 8

Area of visual pathway where optic fibers from the medial side of each eye cross over

Answer 8

Binocular vision
Vision of both eyes overlap
Helps with depth perception
Primates have this

Question 9

Clear central anterior portion of the sclera

Answer 9

Cornea
Where light enters the eye
Has nerve endings
Only transplanted tissue without rejection
No blood flow

Question 10

Tears produced by lacrimal glands located here

Answer 10

Above the outer crease of the eye

Question 11

Three types of cones that are sensitive to specific wavelengths of light

Answer 11

Blue light (blue cones)
Green light (green cones)
Green/red light (red cones)

Question 12

Order of light as it passes through the eye

Answer 12

Cornea-pupil-iris-lens-vitreous humor-retina-electrical impulses-optic nerve-brain

Question 13

Other name for eardrum

Answer 13

Tympanic membrane

Question 14

The deposits of calcium slats that help in static equilibrium

Answer 14

Otoliths

Question 15

Structure that contains the receptors for hearing

Answer 15

Mechanoreceptors

Question 16

Structure and function of ear

Answer 16

Outer middle and inner ear
Outer and middle-hearing only
Inner-hearing and equilibrium

Question 17

Outer ear

Answer 17

Pinna/auricle
External auditory canal
Tympanic membrane

Question 18

Pinna/auricle

Answer 18

Collects and directs sound

Question 19

External auditory canal

Answer 19

Channels the sound waves towards middle ear
Lined w/ ceruminous glands
-secrete cerumen (earwax)

Question 20

Tympanic membrane/eardrum

Answer 20

Vibrates when sound waves hit it

Separates the outer and middle ear

Question 21

Middle ear/tympanic cavity

Answer 21

In temporal bone
Auditory tube
Ossicles
Malleus(hammer)
Incus (anvil)
Stapes (stirrup)

Question 22

Auditory tube

Answer 22

Connects middle ear to throat
Normally closed opens when swallowing
Used to equalize pressure to outside ear
Popping equalizes pressure

Question 23

Otitis media

Answer 23

Middle ear infection
Sore throats bc auditory tube runs horizontally
Bulging and inflammed eardrum
Antibiotics

Question 24

Ossicles

Answer 24

Three bones in middle ear

transmit vibrations from tympanic membrane to fluid of inner ear

Question 25

Order of three bones

Answer 25

Malleus passes vibration to incus Incus to stapes Stapes to oval window of inner ear

Question 26

Inner ear (osseous or bony labyrinth)

Answer 26

Cochlea Vestibule Semicircular canals

Question 27

Cochlea

Answer 27

Hearing organ

Question 28

Vestibule

Answer 28

Between cochlea and semicircular canals

Question 29

Semicircular canals

Answer 29

Equilibrium area Filled with perilymph (plasmalike fluid) Has membranous labyrinth Has thicker fluid endolymph

Question 30

Types of receptors

Answer 30

Skin receptors-naked nerve endings pressure, heat Photoreceptors-eye (light) Chemoreceptors-nose, tongue (chemicals) Mechanoreceptors-touch, hearing

Question 31

Primary taste sensations

Answer 31

``` Sweet-sugar,saccharine,some amino acids Sour-acidity Bitter-alkaloids(nicotine,quinine,caffeine) Salty-metal ions in solution Umami-meaty,savory taste ```

Question 32

What are gustatory cells stimulates by

Answer 32

Respond to dissolved chemicals Gustatory hairs get stimulated depolarize and send impulses via three cranial nerves Facial-anterior tongue Glossopharyngeal&vagus-posterior tongue

Question 33

Reflex that allows us to cross eyes to see things up close

Answer 33

Convergence | reflexive movement of eyes medially when viewing close objects

Question 34

Which sense is first to leave when you sleep and first to become active when you wake

Answer 34

Hearing

Question 35

Function and structure of the eye

Answer 35

6 extrinsic muscles Lateral rectus moves eye laterally Medial rectus moves eye medially Superior rectus elevates eye Inferior rectus depresses eye Inferior oblique elevated eye and turns it laterally Superior oblique depresses eye and turns it laterally

Question 36

Choroid coat

Answer 36

Blood rich tunic Dark pigment that prevents light scattering Forms ciliary body

Question 37

Retina

Answer 37

Inner most layer White Extend anteriorly to ciliary body Contains photoreceptors

Question 38

Optic nerve

Answer 38

Area of ganglion cell axon that leave the eye

Question 39

Optic disc

Answer 39

Area of retina directly over the optic nerve blind spot

Question 40

Fovea centralis

Answer 40

Area of a tiny pit that contains only cones

Question 41

Lens

Answer 41

Flexible biconvex crystal like structure

Question 42

Conduction deafness

Answer 42

Loss of hearing due to something interfering with conduction of sound vibrations to fluid of inner ear

Question 43

Sensorineural deafness

Answer 43

Deafness due to degeneration or damage to receptor cells in organ of corti

Question 44

Static equilibrium

Answer 44

Has receptors in vestibule maculae Tells position of head in relation to gravity Receptor hairs in otolithic membrane

Question 45

Dynamic equilibrium

Answer 45

Receptors in semicircular cans Canals have three orientations Respond to rotation of head

Question 46

How a cold effects your senses

Answer 46

Smell: inflammation and obstruction Taste:the chemicals in the air and the lack of scent