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Anatomy > Nervous System Test > Flashcards

Nervous System Test Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

Dendrites

A

Conduct impulses toward the cell body

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2
Q

Axon

A

Conducts impulses away from the cell body

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3
Q

Sensory

A

Detect stretch/tension cell bodies in PNS

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4
Q

Motor

A

From CNS to muscles/glands

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5
Q

Association

A

Connects sensory and motor neurons

Cell bodies in CNS

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6
Q

Supporting cells (neuroglia)

A 
Astrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells
Oligodendrocytes
Satellite cells
Schwann cells
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7
Q

CNS

A

Central nervous system

Brain and spinal cord

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8
Q

PNS

A

Peripheral nervous system

Nerves outside brain and spinal cord

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9
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Regulate smooth muscles, heart (rate and blood pressure) and glands
(Salivary reflex)

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10
Q

Somatic

A

Reflexes that stimulate skeletal muscles

Knee jerk, withdrawal reflex

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11
Q

Sympathetic

A

Fight or flight
Response to unusual stimulus
Increase activities (heart rate, breathing)
Exercise embarrassment excitement

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12
Q

Parasympathetic

A 
House keeping activities
Conserves energy
Maintains daily necessary body functions
Digestion defecation diuresis
Decrease heart rate
Stimulates saliva
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13
Q

Myelin purpose for nerve impulse

A

Helps to travel faster

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14
Q

Reflex arc

A

Minimum of 2

From sensory neuron to interneuron to an effector

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15
Q

Parts of brain stem

A

Pons
Medulla oblongata
Midbrain

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16
Q

Medulla oblongata

A 
Control center
Heart rate
Breathing
Blood pressure regulation
Swallowing 
Vomiting
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17
Q

Hypothalamus

A 
Autonomic nervous system center
Regulates body temp 
Water balance
Regulated metabolism
Emotions (limbic system) 
Regulates pituitary gland
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18
Q

Broca’s area

A

Allows to say words

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19
Q

Cerebellum

A

Controls balance and equilibrium

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20
Q

Corpus collosum

A

Allows cerebral hemispheres on communicate with each other

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21
Q

Pineal gland

A

Maintain circadian rhythm and regulate reproductive hormones

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22
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Links nervous and endocrine system

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23
Q

Cerebrum

A

Paired left and right hemispheres

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24
Q

Thalamus

A

Relay station for sensory impulses

Transfers impulses to correct location for interpretation

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25
Pons
Controls breathing
26
Optic nerve
Sensory for vision
27
Olfactory nerve
Sensory for smell
28
Vestibulcochlear nerve
Sensory for balance and hearing
29
Hypoglossal nerve
Motor fibers to tongue
30
Vagus nerve
Sensory and motor fibers to pharynx, larynx, and viscera
31
Trigemianal nerve
Sensory for the face | Motor fibers to chewing muscles
32
Facial nerve
Sensory for taste | Motor fibers to the face
33
Oculomotor nerve
Motor fibers to eye muscles
34
Trochlear nerve
Motor fiber to eye muscles
35
Accessory nerve
Motor fibers to neck and upper back
36
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Sensory for taste | Motor fibers to pharynx
37
Abducens nerve
Motor fibers to eye muscles
38
Dorsal root
Associated with the dorsal root ganglia
39
Ventral root
Has axons of motor neurons
40
Dorsal root ganglia
Collections of cell bodies outside the CNS
41
Spinal nerve
Dorsal and ventral roots | 31 pairs
42
Pia mater
Clings to surface of brain
43
Dura mater
Double layer external covering
44
Arachnoid mater
Middle web like layer
45
Central canal
Filled with cerebral spinal fluid
46
Dorsal horn
Posterior
47
Ventral horn
Anterior
48
Column of white matter
Conduction tracts
49
Concussion
Slight brain injury Dizziness No permanent damage
50
Contusion
Marked tissue damage | Severe-coma
51
Cerebral edema
Swelling of brain due to inflammatory response to injury | Compresses brain tissue
52
Intracranial hemorrhage
Bleeding around or within the brain
53
Nerve areas in order
Cervical Brachial Lumbar Sacral
54
Cervical
Phrenic nerve
55
Brachial
Radial nerve | Ulnar nerve
56
Lumbar
Femoral nerve | Obturator nerve
57
Sacral
Sciatic nerve
58
Three pure sensory nerves
Olfactory Optic Vestibulocochlear
59
Alzheimers
Progressive degenerative brain disease Causes abnormal protein deposits and twisted fibers within neurons Memory loss, irritability, confusion, hallucinations, death
60
Senility
Caused by a gradual lack of oxygen due to aging Forgetfulness, irritability, difficulty in concentrating and thinking clearly, confusion Typical check ups
61
Cerebral palsy
Caused by temporary lack of oxygen Voluntary muscles are poorly controlled and spastic due to brain damage Seizures, mentally retarded, impared hearing and vision Largest single cause of physical disabilities in children
62
Meningitis
Inflammation of meninges Caused by bacteria or virus Death Treatment w/ vaccines
63
Multiple sclerosis
``` Myelin sheaths destroyed Impulse gets short circuited Lose ability to control muscles Autoimmune disease Protein component is attacked No cure Interferon injections ```
64
Huntingtons
``` Genetic disease Middle age Massive degeneration of basal nuclei and cerebral cortex Wild jerky flapping movements Progressive and fatal within 15 years ```
65
Parkinsons
50s and 60s Degeneration of dopamine releasing neurons Tremor at rest, head nodding, forward bent walking Not curative

Anatomy (15 decks)

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