Nervous System Test Flashcards by Emily Dillon

Dendrites

Conduct impulses toward the cell body

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Axon

Conducts impulses away from the cell body

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Sensory

Detect stretch/tension cell bodies in PNS

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Motor

From CNS to muscles/glands

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Association

Connects sensory and motor neurons

Cell bodies in CNS

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Supporting cells (neuroglia)

Astrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells
Oligodendrocytes
Satellite cells
Schwann cells

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CNS

Central nervous system

Brain and spinal cord

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PNS

Peripheral nervous system

Nerves outside brain and spinal cord

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Autonomic nervous system

Regulate smooth muscles, heart (rate and blood pressure) and glands
(Salivary reflex)

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Somatic

Reflexes that stimulate skeletal muscles

Knee jerk, withdrawal reflex

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Sympathetic

Fight or flight
Response to unusual stimulus
Increase activities (heart rate, breathing)
Exercise embarrassment excitement

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Parasympathetic

House keeping activities
Conserves energy
Maintains daily necessary body functions
Digestion defecation diuresis
Decrease heart rate
Stimulates saliva

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Myelin purpose for nerve impulse

Helps to travel faster

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Reflex arc

Minimum of 2

From sensory neuron to interneuron to an effector

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Parts of brain stem

Pons
Medulla oblongata
Midbrain

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Medulla oblongata

Control center
Heart rate
Breathing
Blood pressure regulation
Swallowing 
Vomiting

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Hypothalamus

Autonomic nervous system center
Regulates body temp 
Water balance
Regulated metabolism
Emotions (limbic system) 
Regulates pituitary gland

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Broca’s area

Allows to say words

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Cerebellum

Controls balance and equilibrium

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Corpus collosum

Allows cerebral hemispheres on communicate with each other

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Pineal gland

Maintain circadian rhythm and regulate reproductive hormones

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Pituitary gland

Links nervous and endocrine system

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Cerebrum

Paired left and right hemispheres

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Thalamus

Relay station for sensory impulses

Transfers impulses to correct location for interpretation

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Pons

Controls breathing

Optic nerve

Sensory for vision

Olfactory nerve

Sensory for smell

Vestibulcochlear nerve

Sensory for balance and hearing

Hypoglossal nerve

Motor fibers to tongue

Vagus nerve

Sensory and motor fibers to pharynx, larynx, and viscera

Trigemianal nerve

Sensory for the face | Motor fibers to chewing muscles

Facial nerve

Sensory for taste | Motor fibers to the face

Oculomotor nerve

Motor fibers to eye muscles

Trochlear nerve

Motor fiber to eye muscles

Accessory nerve

Motor fibers to neck and upper back

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Sensory for taste | Motor fibers to pharynx

Abducens nerve

Motor fibers to eye muscles

Dorsal root

Associated with the dorsal root ganglia

Ventral root

Has axons of motor neurons

Dorsal root ganglia

Collections of cell bodies outside the CNS

Spinal nerve

Dorsal and ventral roots | 31 pairs

Pia mater

Clings to surface of brain

Dura mater

Double layer external covering

Arachnoid mater

Middle web like layer

Central canal

Filled with cerebral spinal fluid

Dorsal horn

Posterior

Ventral horn

Column of white matter

Conduction tracts

Concussion

Slight brain injury Dizziness No permanent damage

Contusion

Marked tissue damage | Severe-coma

Cerebral edema

Swelling of brain due to inflammatory response to injury | Compresses brain tissue

Intracranial hemorrhage

Bleeding around or within the brain

Nerve areas in order

Cervical Brachial Lumbar Sacral

Cervical

Phrenic nerve

Brachial

Radial nerve | Ulnar nerve

Lumbar

Femoral nerve | Obturator nerve

Sacral

Sciatic nerve

Three pure sensory nerves

Olfactory Optic Vestibulocochlear

Alzheimers

Progressive degenerative brain disease Causes abnormal protein deposits and twisted fibers within neurons Memory loss, irritability, confusion, hallucinations, death

Senility

Caused by a gradual lack of oxygen due to aging Forgetfulness, irritability, difficulty in concentrating and thinking clearly, confusion Typical check ups

Cerebral palsy

Caused by temporary lack of oxygen Voluntary muscles are poorly controlled and spastic due to brain damage Seizures, mentally retarded, impared hearing and vision Largest single cause of physical disabilities in children

Meningitis

Inflammation of meninges Caused by bacteria or virus Death Treatment w/ vaccines

Multiple sclerosis

``` Myelin sheaths destroyed Impulse gets short circuited Lose ability to control muscles Autoimmune disease Protein component is attacked No cure Interferon injections ```

Huntingtons

``` Genetic disease Middle age Massive degeneration of basal nuclei and cerebral cortex Wild jerky flapping movements Progressive and fatal within 15 years ```

Parkinsons

50s and 60s Degeneration of dopamine releasing neurons Tremor at rest, head nodding, forward bent walking Not curative

Nervous System Test Flashcards

(65 cards)