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Anatomy > Nervous System Test > Flashcards

Nervous System Test Flashcards

1
Q

Dendrites

A

Conduct impulses toward the cell body

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2
Q

Axon

A

Conducts impulses away from the cell body

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3
Q

Sensory

A

Detect stretch/tension cell bodies in PNS

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4
Q

Motor

A

From CNS to muscles/glands

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5
Q

Association

A

Connects sensory and motor neurons

Cell bodies in CNS

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6
Q

Supporting cells (neuroglia)

A 
Astrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal cells
Oligodendrocytes
Satellite cells
Schwann cells
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7
Q

CNS

A

Central nervous system

Brain and spinal cord

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8
Q

PNS

A

Peripheral nervous system

Nerves outside brain and spinal cord

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9
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Regulate smooth muscles, heart (rate and blood pressure) and glands
(Salivary reflex)

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10
Q

Somatic

A

Reflexes that stimulate skeletal muscles

Knee jerk, withdrawal reflex

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11
Q

Sympathetic

A

Fight or flight
Response to unusual stimulus
Increase activities (heart rate, breathing)
Exercise embarrassment excitement

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12
Q

Parasympathetic

A 
House keeping activities
Conserves energy
Maintains daily necessary body functions
Digestion defecation diuresis
Decrease heart rate
Stimulates saliva
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13
Q

Myelin purpose for nerve impulse

A

Helps to travel faster

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14
Q

Reflex arc

A

Minimum of 2

From sensory neuron to interneuron to an effector

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15
Q

Parts of brain stem

A

Pons
Medulla oblongata
Midbrain

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16
Q

Medulla oblongata

A 
Control center
Heart rate
Breathing
Blood pressure regulation
Swallowing 
Vomiting
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17
Q

Hypothalamus

A 
Autonomic nervous system center
Regulates body temp 
Water balance
Regulated metabolism
Emotions (limbic system) 
Regulates pituitary gland
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18
Q

Broca’s area

A

Allows to say words

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19
Q

Cerebellum

A

Controls balance and equilibrium

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20
Q

Corpus collosum

A

Allows cerebral hemispheres on communicate with each other

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21
Q

Pineal gland

A

Maintain circadian rhythm and regulate reproductive hormones

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22
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Links nervous and endocrine system

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23
Q

Cerebrum

A

Paired left and right hemispheres

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24
Q

Thalamus

A

Relay station for sensory impulses

Transfers impulses to correct location for interpretation

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25
Q

Pons

A

Controls breathing

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26
Q

Optic nerve

A

Sensory for vision

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27
Q

Olfactory nerve

A

Sensory for smell

28
Q

Vestibulcochlear nerve

A

Sensory for balance and hearing

29
Q

Hypoglossal nerve

A

Motor fibers to tongue

30
Q

Vagus nerve

A

Sensory and motor fibers to pharynx, larynx, and viscera

31
Q

Trigemianal nerve

A

Sensory for the face

Motor fibers to chewing muscles

32
Q

Facial nerve

A

Sensory for taste

Motor fibers to the face

33
Q

Oculomotor nerve

A

Motor fibers to eye muscles

34
Q

Trochlear nerve

A

Motor fiber to eye muscles

35
Q

Accessory nerve

A

Motor fibers to neck and upper back

36
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve

A

Sensory for taste

Motor fibers to pharynx

37
Q

Abducens nerve

A

Motor fibers to eye muscles

38
Q

Dorsal root

A

Associated with the dorsal root ganglia

39
Q

Ventral root

A

Has axons of motor neurons

40
Q

Dorsal root ganglia

A

Collections of cell bodies outside the CNS

41
Q

Spinal nerve

A

Dorsal and ventral roots

31 pairs

42
Q

Pia mater

A

Clings to surface of brain

43
Q

Dura mater

A

Double layer external covering

44
Q

Arachnoid mater

A

Middle web like layer

45
Q

Central canal

A

Filled with cerebral spinal fluid

46
Q

Dorsal horn

A

Posterior

47
Q

Ventral horn

A

Anterior

48
Q

Column of white matter

A

Conduction tracts

49
Q

Concussion

A

Slight brain injury
Dizziness
No permanent damage

50
Q

Contusion

A

Marked tissue damage

Severe-coma

51
Q

Cerebral edema

A

Swelling of brain due to inflammatory response to injury

Compresses brain tissue

52
Q

Intracranial hemorrhage

A

Bleeding around or within the brain

53
Q

Nerve areas in order

A

Cervical
Brachial
Lumbar
Sacral

54
Q

Cervical

A

Phrenic nerve

55
Q

Brachial

A

Radial nerve

Ulnar nerve

56
Q

Lumbar

A

Femoral nerve

Obturator nerve

57
Q

Sacral

A

Sciatic nerve

58
Q

Three pure sensory nerves

A

Olfactory
Optic
Vestibulocochlear

59
Q

Alzheimers

A

Progressive degenerative brain disease
Causes abnormal protein deposits and twisted fibers within neurons
Memory loss, irritability, confusion, hallucinations, death

60
Q

Senility

A

Caused by a gradual lack of oxygen due to aging
Forgetfulness, irritability, difficulty in concentrating and thinking clearly, confusion
Typical check ups

61
Q

Cerebral palsy

A

Caused by temporary lack of oxygen
Voluntary muscles are poorly controlled and spastic due to brain damage
Seizures, mentally retarded, impared hearing and vision
Largest single cause of physical disabilities in children

62
Q

Meningitis

A

Inflammation of meninges
Caused by bacteria or virus
Death
Treatment w/ vaccines

63
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A 
Myelin sheaths destroyed 
Impulse gets short circuited
Lose ability to control muscles
Autoimmune disease 
Protein component is attacked
No cure 
Interferon injections
64
Q

Huntingtons

A 
Genetic disease 
Middle age
Massive degeneration of basal nuclei and cerebral cortex 
Wild jerky flapping movements
Progressive and fatal within 15 years
65
Q

Parkinsons

A

50s and 60s
Degeneration of dopamine releasing neurons
Tremor at rest, head nodding, forward bent walking
Not curative

Anatomy (15 decks)

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