Chapter 9 Flashcards
(41 cards)
The fourth stage of mitosis, in which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell
Anaphase
The requirement that a cell must be attached to a substratum in order to initiate cell division
Anchorage dependence
A radial array of short microtubules that extends from each centrosome toward the plasma membrane in an animal cell undergoing mitosis
Aster
A mass of abnormal cells with specific genetic and cellular changes such that the sellers are not capable of surviving a new site and generally remain at the site of the tumors origin
Benign tumor
A method of asexual reproduction and single celled organisms in which the cell grows to roughly double in size and then divides into two cells in prokaryotes this does not involve mitosis, but in single celled eukaryotes the undergrowth this, mitosis is part of the process
Binary fission
An order and sequence of events in the life of a cell, from its origin and the division of a parent cell until its own division into two. Th eukaryotic cell cycle is composed of interphase (including G1, S, and G2 sub phases) and M phase (including mitosis and cytokinesis)
Cell cycle
A cyclically operating set of molecules in the eukaryotic cell that both triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle
Cell cycle control system
The reproduction of cells
Cell division
A membrane bounded, flat in sac located at the midline of a dividing plant cell, inside which the new cell wall forms during cytokinesis
Cell plate
And I duplicated chromosome the region on each sister chromatid where it is most closely attached to it sister chromatid by proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences; this close attachment causes a construction in the condensed chromosome (an uncondensed, unduplicated chromosome as a single centromere, identified by its DNA sequence)
Centromere
A structure present in the cytoplasm of animal cells that functions as a microtubule organizing center and is important during cell division. It has two centrioles
Centrosome
A control point in the cell cycle where stop and go ahead signals can regulate the cycle
Checkpoint
The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes,.when the cell is not dividing it exists and in itsdispersed form, as a mass of very long thin fibers that are not visible with a light microscope
Chromatin
A cellular structure consisting of one DNA molecule and associated protein molecules. (And some context such as genome sequencing, the term may refer to the DNA alone) A eukaryotic cell typically has multiple linear ones, which are located in the nucleus. A prokaryotic cell has a single circular one which is found in a nucleoid a region that is not enclosed by a membrane
Chromosome
- The process of cytokinesis in animal cells, characterized by pinching of the plasma membrane. 2. The succession of rapid cell divisions without significant growth during early embryonic development that converts the zygote to a ball of cells
Cleavage
The first sign of cleavage in an animal cell; a shallow groove around the cell and the cell surface near the old metaphase plate
Cleavage furrow
The division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells immediately after mitosis, meiosis one, or meiosis two
Cytokinesis
The phenomenon observed in normal animal cells that causes them to stop dividing when they come into contact with one another
Density dependent inhibition
A nondividing stay occupied by cells that have left the cell cycle, sometimes reversibly
G0 phase
The first gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins
G1 phase
The second gap, or growth phase of the cell cycle consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs
G2 phase
A haploid reproductive cell, such as an egg or sperm. They unite during sexual reproduction to produce a diploid zygote
Gamete
The genetic material of an organism or virus; the complete complement of an organisms or viruses jeans along with it’s non-coding nucleic acid sequences
Genome
- A protein that must be present in the extracellular environment (Culture medium or animal body) for the growth and normal development of certain types of cells. 2. A local regulator that acts on nearby cells to stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation 
Growth factor