Chapter 9: Dialect

Question 1

Dialect

Answer 1

Variation of speech or language based ongeographic area, native language background, and social or racial-ethnic groupmembership

Question 2

Style Shifting

Answer 2

The change in the way one speaks in different settings (e.g., from formal to informal)

Question 3

Code Switching

Answer 3

Occurswhen a person shifts speaking style from one dialect to another or from one language to another (e.g., a bilingual speaker switches from one language to the other)

Question 4

Formal Standard English

Answer 4

Usually refers to the written form of the language;it is the English of dictionaries, grammar books, and most printed matter

Question 5

Informal Standard English

Answer 5

Based on listener judgments of patterns of spokenEnglish deemed to be acceptable or not.Informalstandard English exists on a continuum from “standard” to “nonstandard”

Question 6

General American English

Answer 6

Often used to designate a “standard”dialect that lacks any regional pronunciation

Question 7

Chain Shift

Answer 7

Occurs when the place of articulation of one vowel changes,causing the surrounding vowels in the quadrilateral to likewise shift inproduction

Question 8

Vowel Merger

Answer 8

Occurs when vowels with separate articulations fuseinto one similar place of articulation

Question 9

Sociolect

Answer 9

-A dialect associated with a particular social class
-May be related to socioeconomic status,level of education, and/or vocation

Question 10

Ethnolect

Answer 10

-A dialect associated with a particular ethnic group
-May be related to social class, language background, and geographical region

Question 11

Language Transfer

Answer 11

-The influence of one’s native language (L1)on the learning of a new language (L2),
-Arabic speakers learning Englishtypicallysubstitute /b/ for /p/ (i.e., /bɑɹtɪ/ for “party”) because voicelessplosive /p/ does not exist in Arabic