Chapter 9 joints

Question 1

where 2 bones meet

Answer 1

articulation

Question 2

study of joints

Answer 2

arthrology

Question 3

study of musculoskeletal movement

Answer 3

kinesiology

Question 4

no movement (immovable)

Answer 4

synarthrosis

Question 5

slight movement

Answer 5

amphiarthrosis

Question 6

freely moveable

Answer 6

diarthrosis

Question 7

Not really a joint (but used to be), results from joint ossification, no movement.

Answer 7

Bony joint (synostosis)

Question 8

adjacent bones bound by collagen fibers that emerge from one bone, cross space between them, and penetrate into the other.

Answer 8

fibrous joints

Question 9

fibrous joint between cranial bones, no movement (synarthrosis)

Answer 9

suture

Question 10

wavy lines interlock bones. coronal, sagittal, lambdoid sutures

Answer 10

serrate suture

Question 11

bones overlap with beveled edge. Squamous suture

Answer 11

lap (squamous suture)

Question 12

straight bones meet, no overlap. intermaxillary suture

Answer 12

plane (butt) suture

Question 13

connects tooth, to alveolus of jaw, held by fibrous periodontal ligament. Little to no movement (synarthrosis)

Answer 13

gomphosis

Question 14

longer collagenous fibers between adjacent bones, interosseous membrane. Limited movement.

Answer 14

syndesmosis

Question 15

two bones linked by cartilage

Answer 15

cartilaginous joints

Question 16

hyaline cartilage between bones. epiphyseal plate, R1 to sternum. Immovable.

Answer 16

synchondrosis

Question 17

fibrocartilage. interpubic discs, intervertebral discs. shock absorbing fibrocartilage disc between vertebrae. Slightly movement.

Answer 17

symphysis

Question 18

freely movable, structurally complex joints. Enclosed by joint capsule.

Answer 18

synovial joints

Question 19

connective tissue that encloses the joint (articular) cavity

Answer 19

joint (articular) capsule

Question 20

joint cavity is filled with

Answer 20

synovial fluid

Question 21

pad crosses entire joint

Answer 21

articular disc

Question 22

pad doesn’t cross entire joint

Answer 22

meniscus

Question 23

tough connective tissue, joins bone to bone

Answer 23

ligament

Question 24

sheet or strip of tough connective tissue, attaches muscle to bone

Answer 24

tendon

Question 25

fibrous sacs of synovial fluid. Between muscles, tendon and bone, skin and bone

Answer 25

bursa

Question 26

bursa wrapped around tendon

Answer 26

tendon sheath

Question 27

stabilizes joints, stronger bones (wolf's law), stronger muscles

Answer 27

weight bearing exercises

Question 28

increases the flow of synovial fluid in cartilage

Answer 28

exercise

Question 29

fluid exits cartilage and removes waste

Answer 29

compression

Question 30

fluid enters cartilage, taking in nutrients

Answer 30

decompression

Question 31

warming up before exercise

Answer 31

warms, thins synovial fluid so it is better absorbed by cartilage, swollen cartilage is better cushion against compression

Question 32

too littler exercise

Answer 32

cartilages break down

Question 33

excessive exercise

Answer 33

osteoarthritis (joint wear and tear)

Question 34

broad term for pain and inflammation of a joint

Answer 34

arthritis

Question 35

physicians who treat arthritis and other joint disorders

Answer 35

rheumatologist

Question 36

most common form of arthritis, wear and tear.

Answer 36

osteoarthritis

Question 37

autoimmune attack against the joint tissue, attacks synovial membrane

Answer 37

rheumatoid arthritis

Question 38

abnormal, solidly fused, immobilized joint (synostosis)

Answer 38

ankylosis

Question 39

replacement of diseases joint with artificial device called prosthesis

Answer 39

arthroplasty

Question 40

inflammation of a bursa

Answer 40

bursitis

Question 41

form of bursitis in which tendon sheath is inflamed

Answer 41

tendinitis

Question 42

hereditary disease where uric acid crystals accumulate in joints

Answer 42

gout

Question 43

long, rigid object, rotates around fixed fulcrum.

Answer 43

lever

Question 44

occurs when effort overcomes resistance

Answer 44

rotation

Question 45

distance from fulcrum to effort

Answer 45

effort arm

Question 46

distance from fulcrum to resistance

Answer 46

resistance arm

Question 47

in the human body the fulcrum is a?

Answer 47

joint

Question 48

in the body effort is?

Answer 48

muscle

Question 49

in the body the resistance is?

Answer 49

weight (of limb) or opposing muscle

Question 50

-seesaw -resistance= weight of head (tendency to drop chin) -fulcrum= occipital condyle -effort= muscles pulling occipital

Answer 50

fulcrum in middle (RFE)

Question 51

-wheelbarrow -fulcrum= hip joint -resistance- weight of the thigh itself - effort= elevation of tibia

Answer 51

resistance in the middle (FRE)

Question 52

- paddle -resistance= weight in hand or weight of forearm -effort- bicep muscles attachment at radius fulcrum= elbow joint

Answer 52

effort in the middle (REF)

Question 53

rounded "ball"; multiaxial (hip and shoulder joints)

Answer 53

ball-and-socket

Question 54

oval ball; biaxial (metacarpophalageal joint)

Answer 54

condylar (ellipsoid)

Question 55

both surfaces saddle-shaped, biaxial (base of thumb: carpometacarpal joint)

Answer 55

saddle

Question 56

flat surfaces; usually biaxial(may be monoaxial) (intertarsals, intercarpals)

Answer 56

plane (gliding)

Question 57

monoaxial (elbow, knee, interphalangeal joints)

Answer 57

hinge

Question 58

one bone spins on axis of other bone; monoaxial (atlantoaxial joint; radioulnar joint)

Answer 58

pivot

Question 59

movement that decreases joint angle; usually in sagittal plane (common in hinge joints)

Answer 59

flexion

Question 60

movement that straightens a joint and generally returns a body part to the zero position; usually in sagittal plane

Answer 60

extension

Question 61

further extension of a joint beyond the zero position

Answer 61

hyperextension

Question 62

away from the midline

Answer 62

abduction

Question 63

back towards the midline

Answer 63

adduction

Question 64

raises and lowers a body part

Answer 64

elevation and depression

Question 65

anterior movement in the transverse plane

Answer 65

protraction

Question 66

posterior movement in the transverse plane

Answer 66

retraction

Question 67

articulation of the mandibular condyle with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

Answer 67

temporomandibular (jaw) joint (TMJ)

Question 68

crosses the entire jaw joint and divides the joint cavity into 2 departments

Answer 68

articular disc

Question 69

prevents posterior displacement of the mandible

Answer 69

lateral ligament

Question 70

ligament on the medial side of the jaw

Answer 70

sphenomandibular ligament

Question 71

-radiating pain: jaw, face, neck, shoulders, back - clicking sounds in jaw -limitation of jaw movement - severe headaches, vertigo, tinnitus

Answer 71

symptoms of TMJ disfunction

Question 72

- trauma to the jaw, psychological tension, misaligned teeth -may involve displacement of articular disc, arthritis, muscle disorders

Answer 72

causes of TMJ disfunction

Question 73

- stress management and physical therapy - analgesics, anti-inflammatories -corrective dentistry to align teeth

Answer 73

treatment of TMJ disfunction

Question 74

-head of humerus articulates with glenoid cavity of scapula -cavity is very shallow -glenoid labrum -freely moveable joint

Answer 74

glenohumeral (humeroscapular) joint (shoulder joint)

Question 75

ring of fibrocartilage that deepens glenoid cavity a little

Answer 75

glenoid labrum