Chapter 9; Joints

Question 1

Synarthrosis

Answer 1

allows no movement

Question 2

Amphiarthrosis

Answer 2

allows very limited movement

Question 3

Diarthrosis

Answer 3

freely moveable joint

Question 4

Fibrous Joints

Answer 4

two bones separated by dense regular connective tissue
suture
syndesmosis
gomphosis

Question 5

Cartilaginous joints

Answer 5

Two bones separated by cartilage
synchondrosis (hyaline)
symphysis (fibro)

Question 6

Synovial joints

Answer 6

two bones separated by synovial cavity, lined by synovial membrane, and filled with synovial fluid
planar
pivot
hinge
saddle
condylar
ball-and-socket

Question 7

Planar movement

Answer 7

nonaxial
sliding or gliding movements in a single plane without rotation

Question 8

Pivot movement

Answer 8

uniaxial
occurs around a single axis, can only bend or straighten in one plane

Question 9

Hinge movement

Answer 9

uniaxial

Question 10

Saddle movemetn

Answer 10

biaxial
around two axis, enables movement in two places

Question 11

Condylar movement

Answer 11

biaxial

Question 12

ball-and-socket movement

Answer 12

triaxial
allows movement in all three planes

Question 13

What joint allows you to nod your head “yes”

Answer 13

atlanto-occipital joint
between occipital condyle and C1 (atlas) vertebrae
diarthrotic, condylar (biaxial) joint

Question 13

What joint allows you to nod your head “no”

Answer 13

Atlantoaxial joint
between C1 (atlas) and C2 (axis) vertebrae
diarthrotic, pivot (uniaxial) joint

Question 14

Zero position

Answer 14

the position of a joint when a person is in the standard anatomical position

Question 15

Flexion

Answer 15

movement that decreases the joint angle

Question 16

Extension

Answer 16

movement that straightens a joint and returns the body to the zero position

Question 17

Abduction

Answer 17

movement of a body part in the frontal plane away from the midline

Question 18

hyperabduction

Answer 18

raise arm over back or front of head

Question 19

adduction

Answer 19

movement in the frontal plane back toward the midline

Question 20

elevation

Answer 20

movement that raises vertically in frontal plane

Question 21

depression

Answer 21

lowers body part in frontal plane

Question 22

protraction

Answer 22

the anterior movement of a part in the horizontal plane (transverse)

Question 23

retraction

Answer 23

posterior movement of a part in the horizontal plane (transverse)

Question 24

circumduction

Answer 24

one end of an appendage remains stationary while other end makes a circular motion

Question 25

rotation

Answer 25

movement in which bone spins on its longitudinal axis

Question 26

medial (internal) rotation

Answer 26

turns bone inward

Question 27

lateral (external) rotation

Answer 27

turns bone outward

Question 28

suppination

Answer 28

forearm turns palm to face anteriorly or upward radius parallel to ulna

Question 29

pronation

Answer 29

forearm turns palm facedown or posteriorly head of radius spins

Question 30

flexion

Answer 30

forward bending movement of the waist and neck

Question 31

extension

Answer 31

straightens trunk or neck

Question 32

hyperextension

Answer 32

bending over backward

Question 33

lateral flexion

Answer 33

tilting head/trunk to right/left midline

Question 34

lateral excursion

Answer 34

R or L from the 0 position

Question 35

medial excursion

Answer 35

movement back to median 0 position

Question 36

radial flexion

Answer 36

tilting hand toward thumb

Question 37

ulnar flexion

Answer 37

tilting hand toward little finger

Question 38

abduction vs adduction of the fingers

Answer 38

spreading them apart vs bringing them together

Question 39

flexion vs extension of fingers

Answer 39

curling vs straightening

Question 40

dorsiflexion

Answer 40

elevating toes as you do while swinging foot forward to take a step (heel strike)

Question 41

plantar flexion

Answer 41

extending foot so toes point downward as in standing on tup toe

Question 42

inversion of foot

Answer 42

movement in which soles are turned mediallyec

Question 43

eversion of foot

Answer 43

soles turned laterally