chapter fourteen

Question 1

the revolutionary nature of the actions of 1644 alienated

Answer 1

much of the political nation

Question 2

limitations of the support for the revolution carried out by

Answer 2

the new model army
shaped the years to come

Question 3

yet the regimes were defensive and reactive rather than seeking

Answer 3

to develop a revolution

Question 4

blair worden described Cromwell as an

Answer 4

ideological schizophrenic

Question 5

tensions remained between the rump and

Answer 5

the new model army

Question 6

rump regarded itself as legitimate power and in command of the army it recognised

Answer 6

as well as the soldiers
that in practice the new model army was the real power in the land

Question 7

this defensivness was exacerbated with the threat to

Answer 7

the rump from Ireland , Scotland , royalists and Charles I’s son , Charles Stuart

Question 8

these threats also meant that the tension between the rump and the army was held at bay as

Answer 8

they had to co operate to defeat the threats

Question 9

in feb 1649 the rump voted to abolish

Answer 9

the monarchy and the apparatus of monarchical government
thus formalise a republic

Question 10

in may 1649 a republic was formalised in acts to abolish

Answer 10

the monarchy
and the house of lords

Question 11

on 2 jan 1650 the rump passed an engagement act by which

Answer 11

all adult males had to declare loyalty to the commonwealth

Question 12

the engagement act was reinforced by the reason act passed in July 1650 which made it

Answer 12

illegal to deny the authority of the regime as vested in the commons

Question 13

in practice it proved impossible to enforce

Answer 13

the engagement

Question 14

having sought to give the establishment some legal basis , whether the rump survived depended on

Answer 14

how it met the threats from Scotland and Ireland

Question 15

argyll the leader of the Scots covenanters immediately declared

Answer 15

Charles Stauart as Charles II of Scotland

Question 16

the arrival of Charles Stuart in Scotland made another

Answer 16

Scottish invasion imminent

Question 17

Cromwell returned from

Answer 17

ireland to meet this threat

Question 18

when argyll succeeded in persuading Charles Stuart to accept the covenant in return for

Answer 18

military aid to invade England
the rump decided to strike first

Question 19

Fairfax refused to lead the invasion as he had become increasingly concerned about

Answer 19

the radicalisation of the army and had stood alone from the developments that had led to the regicide

Question 20

Fairfax objected to the strike against the Scots in Fairfax’s place Cromwell had become

Answer 20

commander in chief

Question 21

Cromwell campaign in Scotland did not start well rather than face Cromwell and the NMA in battle the Scots

Answer 21

led by David Leslie withdrew behind defensible positions

Question 22

by September 1650 Cromwells invasion of 16,300 had been reduced to about

Answer 22

11,000

Question 23

Cromwell retreated to Dunbar and planned to

Answer 23

ship his army back to England

Question 24

Cromwells weekend force was quickly pinned down by a

Answer 24

Scottish army twice its size

Question 25

in London Thomas Harrison led the London radicals in prayed for what appeared ti ve the

Answer 25

hopeless position into which Cromwell had led his forces

Question 26

despite his position of weakness at Dunbar on 3 September 1650 Cromwell

Answer 26

defeated the far larger Scottish army almost double the size of his

Question 27

on 3 September 1650 how many Scots were killed and captured

Answer 27

3000 killed 10,000 captured

Question 28

Cromwells remarkable victory at durbar which he regarded as the hand god was based on

Answer 28

Leslies strategic mistakes and a suprise attack by the English

Question 29

the new model army victory was also underpinned by the following underlying factors

Answer 29

- religious motivation with NMA - English sea power that ensured that Cromwells forces could be resupplied - Englands stronger economy meant the army was better funded

Question 30

after the failure of the Scots they put ... in charge

Answer 30

Charles stuart II

Question 31

in 1651 Lambert attacked

Answer 31

the main Scottish army at Inverkeithing

Question 32

Lambert with his force sustained a handful of casualties with x killed and x imprisoned

Answer 32

2000 1400

Question 33

Cromwell taking advantage of lamberts victory established English control in

Answer 33

Perth

Question 34

the best NMA forces were behind Charles Stuarts force and therefore his path into England was open and a

Answer 34

retreat back to Scotland was blocked

Question 35

the opposing forces one England were less trained and included

Answer 35

militia and new recruits

Question 36

after the regicide some Irish supported Charles Stuart , Cromwell landed with

Answer 36

10,000 parliamentary troops in Ireland in August 1649 to impose English protestant control to punish the catholics for their 1641 rebellion

Question 37

ireland was not only paying for the bloodshed of 1641 but it would be exploited

Answer 37

financially for the new regime

Question 38

Cromwells stance is clear in his declaration to the Irish catholic clergy in

Answer 38

January 1650

Question 39

Cromwells Irish campaign of 1649-50 involved a series of

Answer 39

bloody sieges of Irish catholic strong holds

Question 40

the most infamous blood siege was at

Answer 40

drogheda and wexford

Question 41

Cromwell was determined that his campaign in Ireland should be a swift destruction of the

Answer 41

irish catholics to pose a serious threat to English authority so that he would return to face the threat from Scotland of Charles Stuart and the covenanters

Question 42

after a victory by parliamentary troops under colonel Michael Jones at Rathmines just before Cromwells arrival , the war in ireland for Cromwell was during

Answer 42

august 1649 to may 1650 was essentially a series of bloody sieges of irish catholics strongholds to break the back of their ability to resist

Question 43

when Cromwell left for England in may 1650 to organise an invansion of Scotland he left (his son in law) Breton to further impose

Answer 43

English control of ireland through commanding an army of occupation that remained in the country until 1660

Question 44

Charles Stuart was keen to invade England with the

Answer 44

scottish royalist force of 20,000

Question 45

Charles starts ultimate aim was to secure the

Answer 45

English throne which required him to secure London

Question 46

there was general disillusionment with the republican regime across a range of the population and an invasion of England would allow

Answer 46

Charles to escape the influence of the Presbyterian leaders ins Scotland whom he felt were seeking to control him

Question 47

Charles' invading force faced several serious obstacles

Answer 47

- desertions from invading force meaning only 13,000 crossed to border - the army of Scots attracted little support form the English - Leslie the Scottish general appaeared uncommitted to the invansion - the republics intelligence network built plots to overthrow the republic if successful would've helped scot invasion - a rising in Norfolk in dec 1650 was quickly supressed - Charles secured no foreign aid for his invasion

Question 48

when Charles Stuart crossed the border he faced x troops led by the two pre eminent generals of NMA Lambert and Harrison

Answer 48

4000

Question 49

although heavily outnumber the NMA generals harried their force and steered it south allowing

Answer 49

Cromwell and other elements off the NMA to co ordinate

Question 50

when Charles' troops refused to move on from Worcester it was then the

Answer 50

royalists who were heavily outnumbered

Question 51

despite this disadvantage there was a long bitter struggle around and in worcester until

Answer 51

Charles fled for the continent leaving his troops behind

Question 52

3000 royalists were dead but only

Answer 52

200 of the NMA

Question 53

the victories in Ireland , in Scotland and at Worcester saved the

Answer 53

rump in the short term

Question 54

another consequence if these victories was the consolidation of

Answer 54

Cromwell as the dominant figure of the age