chapter twenty three

Question 1

during 1678-81 the exclusion crisis was the dominant religious issue , when catholic James II came into power in 1685 the church remains a

Answer 1

stronghold of conservative anglicanicism enforced by those who dominated parliament

Question 2

however during James II reign he made direct attempt to extended toleration to protestant dissenters , including quakes and catholics as such the

Answer 2

glorious revolution was a reaction against both whigs and tories

Question 3

the glorious revolution ended catholics hopes but because of Williams approach to religion it also brought about

Answer 3

some change for protestant dissenters

Question 4

William was regarded by the whigs as a

Answer 4

calvinist hero who had saved them from catholicism and absolutism

Question 5

William was sympathetic to

Answer 5

dissenters

Question 6

in practice William was in tune with the development of latitudinariansm that was a feature of many

Answer 6

clergy in the cofe
and many dissenters

Question 7

latitudinarianism emerged gradually after 1660 but became more prominent as a view point among

Answer 7

some of the elite after 1688

Question 8

as a result William appointed many

Answer 8

latititudinarins as bishops during the reign

Question 9

over time such appointments , alongside latitudinarians already in the church helped soften the approach of the

Answer 9

cofe to moderate dissenters

Question 10

nevertheless the continuing dominance of anglicans in the churches governing body , the local parish hierarchy and among the gentry of the PN meant that no matter the intention of William the

Answer 10

church remained centred on a relatively narrow anglican position the limited the extent of toleration of non conformists

Question 11

when William and Mary came into power they sought religious settlement and wanted to repeal

Answer 11

the test acts
- acts that restricted catholics and dissenters from taking public office

Question 12

in march 1689 a comprehension nbill was proposed but the Anglican church governing body , the convocation ,

Answer 12

rejected the bill and parliament was willing only to pass a limited toleration act

Question 13

by 1689 Anglicans and moderate dissenters had moved closer together under the threat of

Answer 13

James II Catholicism

Question 14

the eventual toleration act was thus a weaker measure than William would’ve wanted , the toleration act of 1689 allowed

Answer 14

dissenters to be exempted from the penal laws if they took the oath of allegiance and were willing to make a declaration against transubstantiation

Question 15

dissenters could now worship freely if their meeting house was licensed and they kept their

Answer 15

doors open during services

Question 16

during the year after the act ,x meeting houses received licenses

Answer 16

900

Question 17

the toleration act did not however exempt dissenters from the test acts and they were therefore

Answer 17

barred from public office

Question 18

catholics revived no concessions , thus anglicans essentially remained in control of the church ,this is reflective of

Answer 18

parliament representing a PN that remained conservative and anglican in outlook

Question 19

the main question that caused division within the church of England was the extent of toleration :

Answer 19

should the church be broadened to encompass some dissenters , or maintained as it was

Question 20

the toleration act of 1689 gave limited religious tolerances to dissenters , however tories were worried by the

Answer 20

further expansion of quakers after the toleration act of 1689

Question 21

William also appointed latitudinarians as bishops for example

Answer 21

John Tilloston became archbishop of Canterbury in 1691

Question 22

the appointment of Tilloston concerned tories because they believed that

Answer 22

such clergy members such as Tilloston were not doing enough to prevent what they feared was the rapid growth of dissenters

Question 23

there were a few reasons why tories were fearful of this :

Answer 23

• many dissenters were monied men who quickly grew wealthy as they lent money to others and funded investments posing threat to traditional anglican PN
• tories were prejudiced and believed that dissenters would destroy cofe , and traditional clergy men felt loss of control
• tory fears were triggered by the growth of dissenters greater freedom to publish , tories panicked and developed a slogan ‘church in danger’ , tory attempts to prevent bills in p were stopped by latitudinarians and whigs

Question 24

the position of catholics remained a source of tension in 1689 , the glorious revolution was designed to

Answer 24

prevent any toleration of Catholicism

Question 25

while it slowly became easier for catholics to worship without interference , they remained a

Answer 25

minority subject to persecution as they were followers of an illegal religion

Question 26

anti catholicism and links with the threat of absolutist catholic france remained a theme in

Answer 26

English politics throughout Williams rule

Question 27

the French king Louis XIV was the dominating European power of the time and had the potential to

Answer 27

attain universal monarchy

Question 28

however two events helped to quiet down anti catholicism sentiments over time as the the threat of catholicism being

Answer 28

imposed was seen as less of a danger

Question 29

one was williams wars on the continent which prevented

Answer 29

catholic Louis XIV from completely dominating Western Europe

Question 30

the other was his victory at the battle of the boyne in July 1690 over the

Answer 30

catholic Jacobite inspired invasion from Ireland

Question 31

ireland was the centre of Jacobite resistance when Willian and Mary became monarchs , as there were

Answer 31

many catholics there who were loyal to James II

Question 32

By March 1689 catholics controlled all of Ireland apart from Ulster ,therefore Ireland posed a threat of

Answer 32

catholic invasion on behalf of the exiled monarch

Question 33

James landed in Ireland 1689 with

Answer 33

3000 French troops

Question 34

with the war against Louis XIV going badly , William landed in Ireland in

Answer 34

June 1690

Question 35

in total William could call on about 36,000 troops in comparison to

Answer 35

James II 25,000

Question 36

on the 1st July William defeated James at the battle of boyne and herby ended any serious hopes the

Answer 36

Jacobites had of using Ireland as a launching pad for an invasion of England

Question 37

After the battle of boyne , protestant control was imposed on

Answer 37

all of Ireland

Question 38

despite the promise of concessions in the treaty of Limerick of 1691 after Williams victory toleration for

Answer 38

catholics was not on the agenda

Question 39

instead the Irish and English parliaments , through a variety of measure established a

Answer 39

penal code that restricted opportunities for catholics in both Ireland and england