chapter twelve

Question 1

define levellers

Answer 1

predominately London based pressure group that sought poltical economic and social reform

Question 2

levellers demands

Answer 2

extension of the franchise
written constitution
frequent elections
religious freedom
reform of the law
elected local gov
economic reform

Question 3

levellers methods
petitions

Answer 3

the large petition 10-14 march 1647
petition signed by 40k oct 1648
womens petition may 1649

Question 4

levellers methods
processions

Answer 4

leveller ‘ Gainsborough’s funeral nov 1648
leveller ‘ lockyers funeral April 1649

Question 5

levellers methods
pamphlets

Answer 5

agreement of the people oct 1647
lilburnes Englands new chains discovered feb 1649
Richard overtones the hunting of the foxes march 1649

Question 6

levellers methods
newspaper

Answer 6

the moderate July 1648-sept 1649

Question 7

the levellers methods show

Answer 7

how politics in this period moved beyond the control of the traditional PN and onto the streets of LDN

Question 8

lilburne with other leading levellers produced

Answer 8

nearly 250 pamphlets between 1645 and 1649

Question 9

levellers did not have the backing of the army so instead exploited

Answer 9

the concerns of lower army ranks as the army leaders continued to negotiate with Charles
lower ranks were afraid of being sold short

Question 10

October 1647
the case of the army truly stated circulate within the army attacking army leadership this cause the NMA

Answer 10

to take the levellers as a serious threat
held the putney and Whitehall debates to discuss w the levellers their written manifesto

Question 11

putney debates
nov 1647

Answer 11

the general council of army met with representatives of the levellers to debate how England should be governed

Question 12

the debates came to focus on

Answer 12

the levellers ideas for the extension of the franchise which proceed an argument between ireton and wildman

Question 13

putney debates ended 5 nov 1647

Answer 13

clash between ireton and leveller sympathiser rainsborough over the army leaders attempts to settle with the king

Question 14

ireton and cromwells argument undermined by Charles escape from haptonncourt in

Answer 14

nov 1647

Question 15

Charles escape
second civil war
his negotiation with Scots
lower rank officers reunited after putney and Whitehall debates

Answer 15

new military threat

Question 16

what did the agreement of the people oct 1647 propose

Answer 16

all who wanted to be citizens of the state had to sign the document as agreement

Question 17

according to the agreement where did sovereignty lie

Answer 17

resides in the people rather than king or parliament , making parliament more representative and answerable to the people MAIN PROPOSAL

Question 18

what were other proposals in this agreement

Answer 18

mps elected in proportion to the population of the constituency
parliaments elected biennially
parliament to consist of 1 chamber/house

Question 19

in short term what did levellers emphasise

Answer 19

emphasised to ireton that he needed to keep their demands in mind if and when the army going to deal with parliament and the king

Question 20

the army leaders need to work with the levellers and their desire to debate the settlement this led to

Answer 20

Whitehall debates 1648

Question 21

cromwell and ireton reinforced their control over army by

Answer 21

payment of troops by parliament , prevented levellers causing more discontent in ranks

Question 22

ireton and army manipulated levellers though Whitehall debates …

Answer 22

the levellers had little influence on Army leaders
tried to keep therm quiet till army killed the king

Question 23

Whitehall debates

Answer 23

1648-1649

Question 24

during dec 1648 and jan 1649

Answer 24

execution of the king
levellers met with the general council mainly led by ireton to debate the first agreement of the people at Whitehall debates

Question 25

levellers wanted a new constitution post regicide regime failed to agree which showed

Answer 25

the clear differnce between leveller leadership and army grandees

Question 26

levellers and officers drew up an agreement of the people second , dec 1648 , differed on

Answer 26

extent of religious freedom

Question 27

levellers also denounced

Answer 27

rump parliament and its narrow representative nature

Question 28

after king , army grandees nowhere to deal with

Answer 28

the leveller leadership

Question 29

repression of the levellers began

Answer 29

march 1649 lilburne and leading levellers arrested

Question 30

levellers continued propaganda war however against

Answer 30

rump parliament and army

Question 31

in the hunting of the foxes a form of propaganda cromwell was attacked as

Answer 31

a hypocrite

Question 32

levellers third agreement 1649 was an attempt to ... - what was the result

Answer 32

inspire an army mutiny - response was limited and quickly crushed by cromwell and Fairfax at burford may 1649

Question 33

what played part in limiting the success of the levellers

Answer 33

determination of rump parliament and army leadership rump had money to pay army - prevented unrest in troops

Question 34

lilburne was acquitted at his trial in

Answer 34

September 1649

Question 35

leveller influence in army over and any threat they posed to the state

Question 36

what did the diggers believe in

Answer 36

total social and political equality

Question 37

1652 digger Winstanley produced a pamphlet called the law freedom in a platform arguing that

Answer 37

every freeman shall have a freedom in the earth to plant to build or fetch from the storehouses anything he wants and shall enjoy the fruits of his labours without restraint from any

Question 38

the diggers influence

Answer 38

diggers had less influence then then levellers small following only lasted around a year before being destroyed by Fairfax and NMA dominated by one person = Winstanley

Question 39

diggers significance can be found in the path they laid for future radicals

Answer 39

in establishment of their communes the diggers provide an example of early com 200 yrs before Karl Marx started a radical Christian movement which aims to eliminate poverty and injustice in their communes lived in harmony with nature forerunners of the environmental movement

Question 40

repression of then diggers

Answer 40

march 1649 a digger group had occupied a waste ground at st Georges Hill believed in common ownership of all land those who owned the land hostile after a year due to hostility commune collapsed other short lived digger communities in kent leicster notts

Question 41

what is millenarianism

Answer 41

a key strand in English puritanism and influenced movements such as the levellers and the diggers

Question 42

what are fifth monarchists

Answer 42

formal emergence of millenarians campaigned for religious poltical and economic and social reform

Question 43

the term fifth monarchists derives from

Answer 43

the book of Daniel in the bible Daniel had a vision of a kingdom that would last forever

Question 44

before the fifth monarchists there wasn't a millenarian centred political group that was big enough to pose a real threat to the state

Question 45

fifth monarchists in the troops of the NMA key leader was

Answer 45

colonel Thomas Harrison

Question 46

both diggers and levellers were

Answer 46

crushed by the NMA

Question 47

1633 fifth monarchists were

Answer 47

close to poltical power by the influence of Thomas Harrison and establishment of nominated assembly