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ANSCI MIDTERM > Chapter III- BREEDS > Flashcards

Chapter III- BREEDS Flashcards

(88 cards)

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1
Q

DOMESTICATION first

A

China 700 BC

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2
Q

domesticated pig brought to

A

New World by Columbus in 1493
North American mainland by De Sotto in 1539.

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3
Q

De Sotto’s original herd

A

13 pigs developed into the American Razorbacks

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4
Q

Early settlers in America imported pigs from

A

England

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5
Q

1800s pig farming had become

A

important agricultural industry
in the American corn belt

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6
Q

Indigenous animals belong to large undefined population of individuals

A

Philippine Native Pig

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7
Q

without any uniform traits

A

Philippine Native Pig

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8
Q

local pig or Philippine Native pigs belong to category

A

small and lack the anatomical symmetry of standard breeds

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9
Q

Most native pigs are named after the region and/or province where they are found

A

Ilocano pigs
Tagalog pigs
Waray pigs

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10
Q

differ from one another in size, color, general conformation and appearance

A

Philippine Native Pig

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11
Q

Philippine Native Pigs: General Characteristics

A
  • small and late maturing
  • mostly solid black or black and white
  • have small ears
  • sway back and with weak pasterns
  • have strong motherly instinct, that is, the tendency to protect their offspring against predators
  • prolific, but this has yet to be documented
  • more adapted to the system of farming
  • resistant to adverse conditions and adapted under local farm conditions
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12
Q

Philippine Native Pig (3)

A

Philippine Native Pig
LUZON WARTY PIG
PALAWAN BEARDED PIG (Sus barbatus)

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13
Q

Philippine Native Pig
_____kg BW
____months

A

60 kg
6-8 months

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14
Q

Origin: Denmark for the production of high-quality Bacon

A

Landrace

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15
Q

production of high-quality Bacon

A

Landrace

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16
Q

known for its mothering ability and prolificacy

A

Landrace

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17
Q

major defect, weak hind legs and pasterns.

A

Landrace

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18
Q

bluishblack spots/ markings on the skin.

A

Landrace

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19
Q

white breed

A

Landrace

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20
Q

Origin: Yorkshire and neighboring countries in northern England.

A

Large White (Yorkshire)

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21
Q

developed by selection and crossing with Leicester hog which was a white hog.

A

Large White (Yorkshire)

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22
Q

white breed known for its good mothering ability and large littersize.

A

Large White (Yorkshire)

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23
Q

The ears are medium-sizedand carried erect. The snout is relatively short and straight, and the legs are generally sturdy and strong.

A

Large White (Yorkshire)

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24
Q

Origin: Eastern United States and in the Corn Belt

A

Duroc

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25
Golden Brown to very dark red
Duroc
26
Duroc small forward ears ____ erect and ____ hannging
Duroc 2/3 erect and 1/3 hannging
27
Good muscle quality and is probably the most resistant to stress.
Duroc
28
Popular as a terminal sire for the production of slaughter pigs
Duroc
29
ORIGIN: Boone County, Kentucky, just across the Ohio River from Cincinnati
HAMPSHIRE
30
poor mothering ability, late maturing, slow grower, long – legged and lack body thickness
HAMPSHIRE
31
“Belt” breed/meat type, black pig with a white belt around the shoulder
HAMPSHIRE
32
ORIGIN: South Central England, principally in the counties of Berkshire and Wiltshire
BERKSHIRE
33
Lard/dual type, black with six white points, snout is short but well- dished and broad between eyes with few wrinkles,
BERKSHIRE
34
known for meatiness/excellent carcass quality, desirable length, depth and balance of body, proved very hardy and crosses well with indigenous stock
BERKSHIRE
35
BERKSHIRE - MAJOR OBJECTIONS
Thick back fat, poor in feed efficiency and ADG, small litter size at birth and at weaning
36
ORIGIN: Southwestern Ohio in the fertile area known as the Miami Valley.
POLAND CHINA
37
Known as “Hot Type” or “Big Type Poland China”
POLAND CHINA
38
Black in color with 6 distinct white points, the four feet
POLAND CHINA
39
ears are naturally drooping and the jowl is full
POLAND CHINA
40
Other Pure Breeds
 TAMWORTH  CHESTER WHITE  HEREFORD  LARGE BLACK  LIMOUSINE  SPOTTED  * Cluster White  * Chinese Taihu pigs * Funjiang * Jianxiang Black * Erhualian * Meishan -
41
Considered Taihu pigs, deriving their name from Taihu Lake.
Meishan
42
One of the most prolific breeds of pig in the world litter size of 15-16 pigs
Meishan
43
Produced through genetic engineering, aims to take advantage of heterosis
Synthetic Breeds
44
Do not have distinguishing physical characteristics which differentiate them from other group of pigs
Synthetic Breeds
45
highly prolific, have better fertility, bigger and more uniform litter, and heavier piglet weight at birth
Hybrid sows
46
outstanding in terms of growth rate, feed conversion efficiency and carcass quality
Slaughter hybrid pigs
47
Synthetic Breeds [ Examples are ]
Babcock Camborough Cotswold Hypor Seghers Minnesota No. 1 Nieuw Dalland
48
a systematic way of bringing together superior genotype to produce desired products
Breeding Systems
49
Breeding Systems (4)
Pure Breding Out Breeding Inbreeding Cross Breeding
50
mating of 2 purebred animals, same breed.
Pure Breeding
51
defined as a member of breed, which possesses a common ancestry and distinctive characteristics, and is either registered or eligible for registration in that breed.
purebred animal
52
Pure Breeding Goal, to produce ______
breeding Stocks
53
not be a common ancestor for at least four generation back in the pedigree of boars and females
Out Breeding
53
unrelated individuals are mated to produce the next generation
Out Breeding
54
useful mating system in purebred individuals.
Out Breeding
55
mating of closely related to each other by ancestry. Any form of inbreeding should be avoided
Inbreeding
56
Any form of __________ should be avoided
Inbreeding
57
adverse effects of inbreeding termed ___________, may include reduction in litter size and weight at birth and at weaning; ovulation rate and fertility; and sperm production.
inbreeding depressions
58
may include reduction in litter size and weight at birth and at weaning; ovulation rate and fertility; and sperm production.
inbreeding depressions
59
form of inbreeding, attempt to concentrate the inheritance of one ancestor or line of ancestors within a herd
Linebreeding
60
aim to improve or maintain specific traits within the breed
Linebreeding
61
breeders frequently choose to mate parents who have a common ancestor, but who are not as closely related as in close inbreeding.
Linebreeding
62
* Pietrain is Color
Piebald
63
* Prone to PSS and PSE
Pietrain
64
* This breed is known for its good muscle development in the ham, loin, and shoulder with very thin backfat.
Pietrain
65
mating of 2 individuals belonging to different breeds
Cross Breeding
66
take advantage of heterosis or hybrid vigor
Cross Breeding
67
elicit, desirable characteristics of parental breeds
Cross Breeding
68
improved performance in growth rate and reproduction seen in crossbred individuals as compared to their straight bred parents
 Hybrid vigor
69
the increased vigor and livability displayed by crossbred pigs.
 Heterosis
70
phenomenon that progeny of diverse varieties of a species or crosses between species exhibit greater biomass, speed of development, and fertility than both parents.
 Heterosis
71
Success of crossbreeding depends primarily on the ________ & _________
primarily on the quality and superiority of the parental stocks
72
Systems of Crossbreeding
* Two way Cross- * Three way Cross- * Four Way Cross-
73
* Two way Cross- *Three way Cross- * Four Way Cross-
Mating of 2 different Breeds Mating 3 Different Breeds Mating 4 different breeds
74
* native breeds crossed with pure breed of swine
UPGRADING
75
* To upgrade the characteristic of inferior breed
UPGRADING
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EXOTIC BREEDS: UPGRADES
KAMAN BLACK DIANI BERKJALA (UPLB 1960)
77
Native pigs from Batangas x Duroc Jersy
KAMAN
78
Native pig from Btangas x Berkshire
BLACK DIANI
79
Native pig from Jala jala Rizal x Berkshire
BERKJALA (UPLB 1960)
80
aimed at sustaining advances in local swine production by ensuring availability and wide distribution of good quality breeder stocks (large commercial and small swine raiser)
Swine Breeder Farm Accreditation Program
81
To assure the distribution of quality breeding stocks in the country
Swine Breeder Farm Accreditation Program
82
DA signed Administrative Order (AO) No. 14 Series of 2000 to identify, accredit, and promote swine farms that produce genetically superior quality breeder stocks.
Swine Breeder Farm Accreditation Program
83
Very Susceptible to Stress
Pietrain
84
Swine Breeder Farm Accreditation Program DA signed________
Administrative Order (AO) No. 14 Series of 2000
85
to identify, accredit, and promote swine farms that produce genetically superior quality breeder stocks.
Administrative Order (AO) No. 14 Series of 2000
86
superior breed- growth rate and feed efficiency.
Duroc
87
Strong tendency to have a well arch back
Duroc

ANSCI MIDTERM (6 decks)

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