Chapter III- Selection

Question 1

most important aspects in starting a pig farm

Answer 1

SELECTION

Question 2

to choice, best animals for reproduction

Answer 2

SELECTION

Question 2

no ____ ____ for all conditions

Answer 2

best breed

Question 3

select breed/breed combination or strain-

Answer 3

most common in the community.

Question 4

before starting a pig production business

Answer 4

market outlet and the consumers’ preference

Question 5

Buyers prefer

Answer 5

white pigs over colored ones

Question 6

given a higher value thus pigs’ quality is considered.

Answer 6

Lean pork

Question 7

Start selecting/evaluating

Answer 7

2-3 months

Question 8

Final selection

Answer 8

5-6 month

Question 9

Bases of Selection

Answer 9

Physical Selection
Performance

Question 10

Bases of Selection
* Physical Selection

Answer 10

(e.g., strong legs, long body, good body conformation, etc.)

Question 11

Bases of Selection
Performance

Answer 11

mothering ability
Average daily gain
Backfat thickness

Question 12

contribute half of the genetic makeup of the whole herd.

Answer 12

Boars

Question 13

SELECTING BOAR

Answer 13

selected based on economically important traits such as
average daily gain (ADG),
backfat thickness
feed conversion ratio.

Question 14

other half of the genetic makeup of the herd

Answer 14

Gilt

Question 15

removal of undesirable individuals in terms of economically important traits and overall performance

Answer 15

Culling

Question 16

like selection, continuous process and should be based on the reproductive performance and physical appearance of the animals.

Answer 16

culling

Question 17

DOMESTICATION
* first in

Answer 17

China , 700BC

Question 18

domesticated pig brought to

Answer 18

New World by Columbus in 1493

North American mainland by De Sotto in 1539

Question 19

De Sotto’s original herd of

Answer 19

13 pigs developed into the American Razorbacks

Question 20

Early settlers in America imported pigs from ______

Answer 20

England

Question 21

Unproductive and undesirable animals must be removed from the herd

For BOAR

Answer 21

• Boars difficulty in mounting for no apparent reason
• Boars poor semen quality
• Boars highly temperamental, vicious, and difficult to handle
• Boars no longer breed or produce viable semen

Question 22

Unproductive and undesirable animals must be removed from the herd

For SOW

Answer 22

• Sows, poor performance in terms of littersize for 2 consecutive farrowings
• Sows, not been bred 30 days after weaning their litter
• Sows, poor maternal instinct and mothering ability
• Sows which fail to wean at least eight healthy pigs. However, nutrition and management provided to the sow must be checked as these could be the factors that cause the sow’s small littersize.

Question 23

Unproductive and undesirable animals must be removed from the herd

For GILTS

Answer 23

• Gilts do not settle after 2 repeated matings to a proven sire
• Gilts do not come into heat after 10 months of age

Question 24

Unproductive and undesirable animals must be removed from the herd For Boar and Sows

Answer 24

* Boars and sows, found positive of infectious diseases such as brucellosis, leptospirosis, and/ or pseudorabies * Boars and sows with unsound characteristics (e.g., hernia, blind, o inverted teats, and the like) that could be passed on to their offspring

Question 25

 Pointers in selecting gilts for breeding

Answer 25

* good temperament and smooth in general appearance. * at least 6 pairs of prominent, well space teats Avoid blind or inverted teats or with extremely small or large nipples * long body to comfortably accommodate the suckling pigs while nursing * strong legs and pasterns. Avoid small inside toe, particularly on the hind legs. * strong, straight, or slightly arched but not too broad back.

Question 26

_________ is a defect; it may also cause the udder to touch the floor during pregnancy.

Answer 26

Low, sagging back

Question 27

Gilt backfat of about _______at _____kg

Answer 27

2 cm at 90 kg.

Question 28

* no physical and hereditary defects

Answer 28

 hernias (umbilical and scrotal)  undescended testes (unilateral or bilateral cryptorchidism)  blind or inverted teats.

Question 29

Pointers in selecting breeding boars Physical basis

Answer 29

* masculine with well-developed testicles, same size * strong constitution and high libido, but controlled temperament. * strong pasterns, particularly on the hind legs, a strong back, and a long body. These traits influence the ability of the boar to mount and heritable. * no physical and hereditary defects * good muscle development in the ham, loin, and shoulder

Question 30

Boar, Backfat ______cm at ____kg

Answer 30

not exceed 2 cm at 90 kg LW.

Question 31

Boar, ADG

Answer 31

not less than 800g

Question 32

Boar, feed conversion efficiency

Answer 32

not more than 2.5

Question 33

______ kg and not more than _____-days old during selection

Answer 33

90 kg, 160 days