Flashcards in Chapter One Deck (70)
Loading flashcards...
1
immunology
study of physiological mechanisms that humans and other animals use to defend their bodies from invasion by all sorts of other organisms
2
immunization/ vaccination
procedure whereby severe disease is prevented by prior exposure to the infectious agent in a form that cannot cause disease
3
what are the four pathogens
bacteria, virus, fungi and parasites
4
what is the bodys first defense against infection
the skin
5
immunity
the bodys capacity to remember previous pathogen encounters and protect against subsequent infection by that same pathogen
6
epithelium is protected by layers of
keratinized cells
7
how can the epithelium be breached
wounds,burns or surgical procedures
8
epithelia lines
body cavities as well
9
respiratory, gastro and urogenital tract lined with
mucus
10
how does mucus move in these tracts
beating of cilia, act like escalator to move things out
11
epithelia produce what that kill bacteria, fungi,and enveloped viruses by perturbing their membranes
anitmicrobial peptides
12
innate immune response has two parts
1. recognition of pathogen
2. recruitment of destructive effector mechanisms
13
effector mechanisms come from
effector cells
14
cytokines
soluble proteins that interact with other cells to trigger innate immune response
15
overall effect of innate immune response is to
induce state of inflammation
16
pathogen can outrun innate if person
malnourished, poorly housed, deprived of sleep, or stressed in other ways
17
lymphocytes are
white blood cells
18
adaptive immune response
organized around an ongoing infection and adapts to nuances of the infecting agent
19
adaptive immunity evolved only in
vertebrates
20
receptors in innate immunity are not
specific
21
receptors in adaptive immunity are
specific to specific pathogen
22
lymphocytes recognize pathogens by using
cell surface receptors
23
the genes of lymphocytes receptors have
cut, spliced and modified during lymphocyte development
24
innate immunity is what type of response
rapid, constant
25
adaptive immunity is what type of response
slow response (days to weeks), improves during response
26
clonal selection/ clonal expansion
specific lymphocyte receptors chosen to proliferate and differentiate of effector cells to kill pathogen
27
what causes the time frame of adaptive immunity
response of having to build effector cells to that specific pathogen
28
immunological memory
elicit a stronger and faster adaptive response, terminating infection with less illness, memory cells
29
memory cells create what kind of immunity
acquired memory/ protective immunity
30
