Chapter One; Bio 210 (Systems)

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

study of structure of body and structural relationship between its parts

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

study of function of body and its functional relationship between its parts

Question 3

Clinical or Pathological Anatomy

Answer 3

study of change in structure due to disease or disaster

Question 4

Surface Anatomy

Answer 4

using palpation of the body for abnormalties

Question 5

Saggital Plane

Answer 5

Down the middle. Anterior cephalic to anterior scrotum

Question 6

Frontal Plane

Answer 6

Down the side.

Question 7

Transverse Plane

Answer 7

Through the abdomen.

Question 8

Dividing Planes

Answer 8

Extremities- proximal or distal

Other- superior or inferior

Question 9

Types of Anatomy

Answer 9

5 types
Systemic- study by systems
Regional- study by areas
Surface- study external features
Organ- study by organ
Clinical- study of chance due to disease or disaster

Question 10

Levels of Organization

Answer 10

Chemical- atoms
Organelle- permanent/important structural/functional unit within a cell
Cell- basic structural and functional unit of life
Tissue- group of specialized cells arranged to function together
Organ- 2 or more different tissues that work together
Organ System- 2 or more organs that work together to perform complex functions
Organism: Living things

Question 11

Organelle

Answer 11

Permanent/important structural/functional unit within a cell

Question 12

Tissue

Answer 12

Group of specialized cells arranged to function together

Question 13

Organ System

Answer 13

2 or more organs that work together to perform complex functions

Question 14

Organ

Answer 14

2 or more different tissues that work together

Question 15

Characteristics of Life

Answer 15

Organization
Metabolism
Responsiveness
Growth
Development
Reproduction

Question 16

Organizaiton

Answer 16

Parts of organisms have specific relationships to each other and they interact to perform specific functions

Question 17

Metabolism

Answer 17

All chemical and physical changes taking place in an organism

Question 18

Responsiveness

Answer 18

Organism sense changes in external and internal environment and makes adjustment to maintain life

Question 19

Growth

Answer 19

Increase in size of all or part of organism

Question 20

Development

Answer 20

Changes organism undergoes (birth—–death)

Question 21

Reproduction

Answer 21

Formation of new cells OR new organism

Question 22

Homeostasis

Answer 22

Body’s ability to maintain a physiological balance in the face of constant internal and external change

Question 23

Homeostatic Mechanism

Answer 23

Maintaining a set point (shivering, sweating)

Question 24

Negative Feedback Mechanisms

Answer 24

Body attempts to NEGATE or REVERSE effects of stimulus that causes change. Example: Body Temp.

Question 25

Positive Feedback Mechanisms

Answer 25

Body attempts to INCREASE or INTENSIFY the stimulus, not reverse. (very rare) Example: Blod clot, clots until the stimulus is no longer needed.

Question 26

Visceral Peritomeum

Answer 26

Surrounds organs

Question 27

Parietal Peritoneum

Answer 27

lines wall of abdominopelvic cavity and inferior surface of diaphram

Question 28

Peritoneal Cavity

Answer 28

between visceral peritoneum and parietal peritoneum

Question 29

Serous Membrane

Answer 29

covers organs; fluid produced by membranes

Question 30

Retroperitoneal Cavity

Answer 30

kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, urinary bladder; NOT part of paritoneal cavity

Question 31

Organ Systems

Answer 31

``` Nervous Lymphatic Digestive Respirtatory Muscular Skeletal Urinary Endocrine Reproductive Cardiovascular Integumentary ```

Question 32

Reprductive

Answer 32

Site of fertilization (ovary, testes)

Question 33

Urinary

Answer 33

Removes waste from blood (kidney, bladder, urethra)

Question 34

Digestive

Answer 34

Digestion, absorption, and removal of wastes (liver, gallbladder, appendix, rectum, intestines)

Question 35

Muscular

Answer 35

Body movements, posture, body heat (muscles)

Question 36

Respiratory

Answer 36

Exchange 02 and CO2 between blood and air (nose, trachea, pharynx, bronchi, lungs)

Question 37

Lymphatic

Answer 37

Removes foreign substances from blood and lymph. Maintains tissue fluid balance (lymph node, tonsils, spleen, axillary and inguinal lymph node)

Question 38

Cardiovascular

Answer 38

Transports nutrients, waste products, gases and hormones (veins, arteries, aortas, jugular, vena cava)

Question 39

Endocrine

Answer 39

Metabolism, growth and hormones (Thyroid, Pancreas, Testes, Adrenals, Ovaries)

Question 40

Nervous

Answer 40

Detects sensations and controls movements (brain, spine, nerves)

Question 41

Skeletal

Answer 41

Protection and support body movements, produces blood cells, stores minerals and fat (bones)

Question 42

Integumentary

Answer 42

Provides protection, regulates temp., reduces water loss (skin)

Question 43

Anatomical Position

Answer 43

standing erect, face directed forward, limbs handing freely and palms facing forward

Question 44

Internal Environment

Answer 44

Inside body; ECF (extracellular fluid)

Question 45

Intracellular Environment

Answer 45

Cells; ICF (Intracellular fluid) ; called cytosol

Question 46

Homeostatic Regulation

Answer 46

``` Primarily controlled by Nervous and Endocrine System. Nervous: Action potential (nerve impulses) Faster! Effects over rapidly Endocrine: Hormones Slower Effects last longer ```

Question 47

Five Components of Homeostatic Regulatory Mechanisms (RACEE)

Answer 47

``` Receptor Afferent Control Center Efferent Effector ```

Question 48

Receptor

Answer 48

Receives some kind of stimulus

Question 49

Afferent Pathway

Answer 49

From receptor to control center

Question 50

Control Center

Answer 50

Receives information from receptor, integrates info., then sends response

Question 51

Efferent Pathway

Answer 51

Control Center to Effector;

Question 52

Effector

Answer 52

Structure that responds to control center. MUSCLES and/or GLANDS (cause change)

Question 53

True Body cavities

Answer 53

Dorsal: Brain and Spine Ventral: Thoracic and Abdominopelvic --> Abdominal and Pelvic

Question 54

Excretion

Answer 54

Elimination of bodily wastes (CO2, sugars, acids)