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Biology 210 > Chapter Three; Bio 210 (Cells and Function) > Flashcards

Chapter Three; Bio 210 (Cells and Function) Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

Denature

A

to change the shape of molecules

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2
Q

*Major parts of the cells (Eukaryotic)

A

Plasma Membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm (Cytosol & Organelles)

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3
Q

*Functions of plasma membrane

A

Physical seperation (ECF & ICF)
Permeability
Receptors and Markers
Structure

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4
Q

*Prokayotic

A

NO nucleus

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5
Q

*Eukaryotic

A

with nucleus

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6
Q

*Cytology

A

study of cells

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7
Q

*Spontaneous Generation

A

things can arise from nothing (mice made from wet towel and broken corn)

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8
Q

*Cell

A

fundamental unit of life

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9
Q

*Robert Hooke

A

termed the word “cell”

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10
Q

VanLeewenhoek

A

invented the first microscope

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11
Q

*Schleiden and Schwan THEN Virchow

A

first statement of the cell theory “All living things are composed of cells”… then Virchow said “All living cells come from preexisting living cells.

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12
Q

FAITH ANSWERS WHAT REASON CANNOT

A
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13
Q

Plasma Membrane molecules (Fig 3.2 Text)

A

Lipids
Proteins
Carbohydrates

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14
Q

Phospholipids

A

most abundant molecule in plasma membrane (Digylcerrides because two fatty acid tails) PO2

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15
Q

Cholesterol

A

is in the hydrophobic areas of the phospholipids

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16
Q

Integral Proteins

A

protein that extends from one side of the membrane to the other
(Help in transporting across the membranes)

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17
Q

Peripheral Proteins

A

do not extend all the way past the membrane

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18
Q

Marker Protein

A

self v.s non self

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19
Q

Attachment Proteins

A

attaches from one cell to another cell

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20
Q

Membrane Transport Proteins

A

Channel Proteins (open 24/7) concentration determines what gets through

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21
Q

Carrier Protein

A

have to bind with the protein, protein changes shape, then carried throughout the membrane

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22
Q

Passive carrier protein

A

always taken down concentration grade

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23
Q

Active carrier protein

A

taken up the concentration gradient using energy (ATP)

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24
Q

Glycolipids

A

carbohydrates that extend past the surface of the cell membrane

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25
Functions of glycocalyx
Protection Anchoring Receptors Marker
26
Glycocalyx
ALL carbohydrates attached to the cell membrane
27
Nuclear Envelope
surrounds the nucleus
28
Nuclear Pore
-
29
Nucleoplasm
surrounds the nucleolus
30
Nucleolus
Inside the nucleus
31
Chromatin
strands of genes inside the nucleolus
32
Protein pathway: inside to outside of cell
Ribosome----ER----vesicle to----Golgi App----vesicle to--- plasma membrane and is released by exocytosis
33
Cytoplasm
made of cytosol and organelles
34
Nonmembranous Organelles
Cytoskeleton Microvilli (increase surface area) Cilia/Flagella (helps with movement) Centrosome/Centrioles (no membranes)
35
Smooth ER
lipid and steroid synthesis | no ribosomes
36
Rough ER
lipids and ribosomes | used for protein synthesis
37
Golgi Apparatus
secretory vesicles membrane renewal veicles lysosomes
38
Peroxisomes
membrane bound vesicle (breaks down)
39
Lysosomes
membrane bound vesicle pinched off by Golgi (digestive enzymes)
40
Mitochondria
powerhouse of cell (ATP)
41
Freely permeable membrane
loses regulation
42
Selective permeable
somethings can get in and can get out vice versa for not
43
Point of the permeable membrane
regulation of the internal environment
44
CIM-H-CEM
``` Communication Integration Movement HOMEOSTASIS Compartmentalization Energy flow and use Mass balance and flow ```
45
Solute vs Solvent
salt and water
46
Concentration Gradient
difference of concentration from one place to another (down= higher to lower concentration gradient)
47
Equillibrium
equal concentration on both sides
48
Mediate
help or assist
49
Assisted Movement (and unassisted)
when a protein carries a molecule across
50
Passive Transport
two characteristics: | a) ALWAYS goes down the concentration gradient (b) NO ATP required (but energy IS required.. kinetic
51
Active Transport
two characteristics: (a) May move up the concentration gradient (b) Requires ATP
52
Passive Transport Mechanisms
Simple Diffusion Osmosis Facilitated Diffusion
53
Diffusion
(Passive, unassisted) DOES NOT NEED A MEMBRANE | movement of particles from an area of their higher concentration to an area of their lower concentration
54
Factors that affect rate of diffusion * DESTSP *
``` Distance Electrical gradient Size of particles Temperature Size of concentration Pressure gradient (capillaries and kidneys- filtration) ```
55
Net Diffusion
movement down the concentration gradient (no net flow when in equilibrium)
56
Diffusion through bilipid layer
O2, CO2, small alcohols
57
Diffusion through leak channels (proteins)
- small water molecules and ions (they're hydrophobic) | - have specificity
58
Osmosis
(passive, unassisted) ALWAYS WATER AND MEMBRANE The NET movement of water across a semi permeable membrane from an area of lower concentration of solutes to a higher concentration of solutes. (concentration of water determined by amount of solutes)
59
Osmotic Pressure
pressure in the cell that pushes back against the plasma membrane to keep the water outside from letting too much water in
60
Simple Diffusion
passive, unassisted (through bilipid layer O2, CO2)
61
Osmosis is
unassisted
62
Passive Transport Mechanisms
Simple Diffusion Osmosis Facilitated Diffusion
63
Facilitated Diffusion
Assisted | -protein changes shape and helps outside molecule move intracellular (can occur in either direction)
64
Ligand
anything that binds to a protein in a membrane (molecules... anything)
65
Aquaporin
protein channel that lets water come through
66
Nonpenetrating solute
molecules that can't pass through the membrane
67
Osmolarity
total concentration of solutes in a solution (ICF or ECF)
68
Isosmotic
concentration of solutes in two solutions (ECF and ICF) are the same
69
Hyperosmotic
higher concentration of solutes in one solution than another
70
Hyposmotic
lower concentration of solutes in a solution than another
71
Isotonic (tone/effect/shape)
equal concentration of solutes in both solutes
72
Hypertonic
cell is expanded about to bust because of more concentration of solute
73
Hypotonic
cell is shrunken because less concentration of solute
74
Crenation
when a cell shrinks
75
Lysis
when a cell bursts
76
Vesicular Transport (endo and exo)
Active; moves materials in and out of cells in vesicles
77
Exocytosis
takes materials OUT of cells
78
Endocytosis
brings material IN to the cells
79
Active Carrier Mediated Transport
requires ATP (unlike facilitated diffusion/passive carrier transport = no ATP)
80
Three types of endocytosis
all take into cell Phagocytosis- eats Pinocytosis- drinks Receptor-mediated endocytosis- binds with receptor in

Biology 210 (13 decks)

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