Chapter Two Flashcards
0
Q
Ventr/o
A
Belly
1
Q
Ventral
A
Refers to the belly or underside of a body or body part
2
Q
Cranial
A
Toward the head
3
Q
Crani/o
A
Skull
4
Q
Anterior
A
Front of the body
5
Q
Anteri/o
A
Before
6
Q
Rostral
A
Nose end of the head
7
Q
Rostrum
A
Beak
8
Q
Cephalic
A
Pertaining to the head
9
Q
Kephale
A
Head
10
Q
Medial
A
Towards the midline
11
Q
Medi/o
A
Middle
12
Q
Superior
A
Uppermost, above, or toward the head
13
Q
Proximal
A
Nearest the midline or nearest to the beginning of a structure
14
Q
Superficial
A
Near the surface (also called external)
15
Q
Palmar
A
Caudal surface of the manus (front paw) including carpus
16
Q
Dorsal
A
Refers to the back
17
Q
Dors/o
A
Back
18
Q
Caudal
A
Toward the tail
19
Q
Posterior
A
Rear of the body
20
Q
Lateral
A
Away from the midline
21
Q
Inferior
A
Lower most, below, or toward the tail
22
Q
Distal
A
Farthest from the midline or farthest from the beginning of a structure
23
Q
Deep
A
Away from the surface (also called internal)
24
Plantar
Caudal surface of the pes (rear paw) including the tarsus
25
Midsagittal plane
The plane that divides the body into equal right and left halves
(Also called medial plane and midline)
26
Sagittal plane
The plane that divides the body into unequal right and left parts
27
Dorsal plane
The plane that divides the body into dorsal and ventral parts
(Also called frontal or coronal plane)
28
Transverse plane
The plane that divides the body into cranial and causal parts.
(Also called horizontal plane or cross-sectional plane)
29
-logy
Study of
30
Anatomy
Study of body structure
31
Physiology
Study of body functions
32
Pathology
Study of the nature, causes, and development of abnormal conditions
33
Pathophysiology
Study of changes in function caused by disease
34
Etiology
Study or disease causes
35
Buccal surface
Aspect of the tooth that faces the cheek (also called vestibular surface)
36
Occlusal surface
Aspects of the teeth that meet when you chew
37
Labial surface
Tooth surface facing the lips
38
Contact surfaces
Aspects of tooth that touch other teeth
39
Mesial
Surface closest to the midline of the dental arcade or arch
40
Distal
Contact surface furthest from the midline of dental arcade
41
Arcade
Used to describe how teeth are arranged in the mouth
42
Lingual surface
Aspect of the tooth that faces the tongue
43
Palatal surface
Tooth surface of the maxilla that faces the tongue
44
Cavity
Hole or hollow space on the body that contains and protects internal organs
45
Cranial cavity
Hollow space that contains the brain in the skull
46
Spinal cavity
Hollow space that contains the spinal cord within the spinal column
47
Thoracic cavity
Hollow space that contains heart and lungs within the ribs between the neck and diaphragm (chest cavity)
48
Abdominal cavity
Hollow space that contains the major organs of digestion located between the diaphragm and pelvic cavity (Peritoneal cavity)
49
Pelvic cavity
Hollow space that contains the reproductive and some excretory systems (bladder and rectum) organs bounded by pelvic bones
50
Abdomen
Portion of the body between the thorax and pelvis containing the abdominal cavity
51
Thorax
Chest region located between the neck and diaphragm
52
Groin
Lower region of the abdomen adjacent to the thigh (also known as inguinal area)
53
Membranes
Thin layers of tissue that cover a surface, line a cavity, or divide a space or an organ
54
Peritoneum
Membrane lining the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities and covers some organs in this area
55
Parietal peritoneum
Outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities
56
Visceral peritoneum
Inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the abdominal organs
57
Peritonitis
Inflammation of the peritoneum
58
Umbilicus
Put in the abdominal wall marking the point where the umbilical cord entered the fetus
59
Navel
Umbilicus
60
Mesentery
Layer of the peritoneum that suspends parts of the intestine in the abdominal cavity
61
Retroperitoneal
Superficial to the peritoneum
62
Recumbent
Lying down
63
Dorsal recumbency
Lying on the back
64
Ventral recumbency
Lying on the belly
65
Left lateral recumbency
Lying on the left side
66
Right lateral recumbency
Lying on the right side
67
Prone
Lying in ventral or sternal recumbency
68
Supine
Lying in dorsal recumbency
69
Adduction
Movement toward the midline
70
Abduction
Movement away from the midline
71
Flexion
Closure of a joint angle or reduction of the angle between two bones
72
Extension
Straightening of a joint or an increase in the angle between two bones
73
Hyperflexion
The palmar or plantar movement of the joint angles
74
Hyperextension
Dorsal movement of the joints beyond the reference angle
75
Supination
Act of rotating the limb or body part so that the palmar surface is turned upward
76
Pronation
Act of rotating the body part or limb so that the palmar surface is turned downward
77
Rotation
Movement that means circular movement around an axis
78
Cyt/o
Combining form for cell
79
Cytology
Study of cells
80
Protoplasm
Cell membrane, cytoplasm, an nucleus
81
Cell membrane
Structure lining the cell that protects the cells contents and regulates what goes in and out of the cell
82
Cytoplasm
Gelatinous material located in the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus
83
Nucleus
Structure in a cell that contains nucleoplasm, chromosomes, and the surrounding membrane
84
Nucleoplasm
Material in the nucleus
85
Chromosomes
Structures in the nucleus composed of DNA
86
Genetic disorder
Any inherited disease or condition caused by the defective genes
87
Congenital
Denotes something that is present at birth
88
Anomaly
A deviation from what is regarded as normal
89
Tissue
A group of specialized cells that is similar in structure and function
90
Histology
The study of the structure, composition, and function of tissue
91
Hist/o
Combining form for tissue
92
Epithelial tissue
Covers internal and external body surfaces and is made up of tightly packed cells in a variety if arrangements (aka epithelium)
93
Endothelium
Cellular covering that forms the lining of the internal organs (including blood vessels)
94
Mesothelium
The cellular covering that forms the lining if serous membranes such as the peritoneum
95
Connective tissue
Adds support and structure to the body by holding the organs in place and binding body parts together
96
Adipose tissue
Fat
97
Adip/o
Combing form for fat
98
Muscle tissue
Contains cell material with the specialized ability to contract and relax
99
What are the three muscle types?
Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac
100
Nervous tissue
Contains cells with specialized ability to react to stimuli and conduct electrical impulses
101
-plasia
Describes formation, development, and growth of tissue and cell numbers
102
-trophy
Formation, development, and increase in the size of tissue and cells
103
Anaplasia
Change in the structure of cells and their orientation to each other
104
Aplasia
Lack of development if an organ or a tissue or a cell
105
Dysplasia
Abnormal growth or development of an organ or a tissue or a cell
106
Hyperplasia
Abnormal increase in the number of normal cells in normal arrangement in an organ or a tissue or a cell
107
Hypoplasia
Incomplete or less than normal development of an organ or a tissue or a cell
108
Neoplasia
Any abnormal new growth of tissue in which multiplication of cells is uncontrolled, more rapid than normal, and progressive
109
Tumor
Distinct mass of tissue
110
Benign
Not recurring
111
Malignant
Tending to spread and be life threatening
112
-oma
Tumor or neoplasm
113
Atrophy
Decrease in size or complete wasting of an organ or tissue or cell
114
Dystrophy
Defective growth in the size of an organ or tissue or cell
115
Hypertrophy
Increase in the size of an organ or tissue or cell
116
Glands
Groups of specialize cells that secrete material used elsewhere in the body
117
Aden/o
Combing form for gland
118
Exocrine glands
Groups of cells that secrete their chemical substances into ducts that lead out of the body or to another organ
119
Endocrine glands
Groups of cells that secrete their chemical substances directly into the bloodstream, which transports them throughout the body.
120
Organ
Part of the body that performs a special function or functions
121
Bicornuate uterus
A uterus with two horns
122
Unilateral
Pertaining to one side
123
Bilateral
Pertaining to two sides
124
Osteo/o
Bones
125
Oss/e
Bones
| Part of skeletal system
126
Oss/i
Bones
| Part of skeletal system
127
Arthr/o
Joints
| Part of skeletal system
128
Chondr/o
Cartilage
| Part of skeletal system
129
My/o
Muscles
| Part of muscular system
130
Fasc/i
Fascia
| Part I muscular system
131
Fasci/o
Fascia
| Part of muscular system
132
Ten/o
Tendons
| Part of muscular system
133
Tend/o
Tendons
| Part of muscular system
134
Tendin/o
Tendons
| Muscular system
135
Cardi/o
Heart
| Part of cardiovascular system
136
Arteri/o
Arteries
| Part of cardiovascular system
137
Ven/o
Veins
| Part of cardiovascular system
138
Phleb/o
Veins
| Part of the cardiovascular system
139
Hem/o
Blood
| Part of cardiovascular system
140
Hemat/o
Blood
| Part of cardiovascular system
141
Lymph/o
Lymph vessels, fluid, or nodes
Part of lymphatic and immune systems
142
Tonsill/o
Tonsils
| Part of lymphatic and immune system
143
Splen/o
Spleen
| Part of lymphatic and immune systems
144
Thym/o
Thymus
| Part of lymphatic and immune systems
145
Nas/o
Nose or nares
146
Rhin/o
Nose or nares
| Part of respiratory system
147
Pharyng/o
Pharynx
| Part of respiratory system
148
Trache/o
Trachea
| Part of respiratory system
149
Laryng/o
Larynx
| Part of respiratory system
150
Pneum/o
Lungs
| Part of respiratory system
151
Pneumon/o
Lungs
| Part of respiratory system
152
Or/o
Mouth
| Part of digestive system
153
Stomat/o
Mouth
| Part of digestive system
154
Esophag/o
Esophagus
| Part of digestive system
155
Gastr/o
Stomach
| Part of digestive system
156
Enter/o
Small intestine
| Part of digestive system
157
Col/o
Large intestine
| Part of digestive system
158
Colon/o
Large intestine
| Par of digestive system
159
Hepat/o
Liver
| Part of digestive system
160
Pancreat/o
Pancreas
| Part of digestive system
161
Ren/o
Kidneys
| Part if urinary system
162
Nephr/o
Kidneys
| Part of urinary system
163
Ureter/o
Ureters
| Part of urinary system
164
Cyst/o
Urinary bladder
| Part of urinary system
165
Urethr/o
Urethra
| Part of urinary system
166
Neur/o
Nerves
| Part of nervous and special senses system
167
Neur/i
Nerves
| Part of nervous and special senses system
168
Encephal/o
Brain
| Par of nervous and special senses
169
Myel/o
Spinal cord
| Part of nervous and special senses
170
Ophthalm/o
Eyes
| Nervous and special senses system
171
Ocul/o
Eyes
| Part of nervous and special senses system
172
Opt/o
Eyes
173
Opt/i
Eyes
| Part of nervous and special senses system
174
Optic/o
Sight
| Part of nervous and special senses system
175
Ot/o
Ears
| Part of nervous and special senses
176
Aur/i or aur/o
Ears
| Part of nervous and special senses
177
Audit/o
Ears
178
Aud/i
Ears
179
Acoust/o
External ear/sound
| Part of nervous system and special senses
180
Acous/o
External ear/ sound
| Part of nervous and special senses system
181
Dermat/o
Skin
| Part of integumentary system
182
Derm/o
Skin
| Part of integumentary system
183
Cutane/o
Skin
184
Adren/o
Adrenals
| Part of endocrine system
185
Gonad/o
Gonads
| Part endocrine system
186
Pineal/o
Pineal
| Part of the endocrine system
187
Pituit/o
Pituitary
| Part of the endocrine system
188
Thyroid/o
Thyroid
| Part of the endocrine system
189
Thyr/o
Thyroid
| Part of endocrine system
190
Orch/o
Testes
| Part of reproductive system
191
Orchi/o
Testes
192
Orchid/o
Testes
193
Testicul/o
Testes
194
Ovari/o
Ovaries
| Part of reproductive system
195
Oophor/o
Ovaries
196
Hyster/o
Uterus
| Part of reproductive system
197
Metr/o or metr/i
Uterus
198
Metri/o
Uterus
199
Uter/o
Uterus
200
1
Latin: uni-
Greek: mono-
201
2
Latin: duo-, bi-
| Greek; dyo-
202
3
Latin: tri-
Greek: tri-
203
4
Latin: quadri- or quadro-
Greek: tetr- or tetra-
204
5
Latin: quinqu- or quint-
Greek: pent- or pentra-
205
6
Latin: sex-
Greek: hex- or hexa-
206
7
Latin: sept- or septi-
Greek: hept- or hepta-
207
8
Latin: octo-
Greek: oct-, octa-, or octo-
208
9
Latin: novem- or nonus-
Greek: emnea-
209
10
Latin: deca- or decem-
Greek: dek- or deka-
