Chapter Two: Introducing The Brain

Question 1

The study of the brain and the nervous system

Answer 1

Neuroscience

Question 2

Branch of psychology that focuses on the brain and how it influences behavior

Ex: neuropsychology, physiological psychology, behavioral neuroscience

Answer 2

Biological psychology

Question 3

Uses x-rays, creates multiple cross sectional images of the brain

Answer 3

CAT scan (computerized Axial Tomography)

Question 4

Powerful magnets used by a magnetic field that passes through the brain. More detail than CAT scan.
Brain Structure

Answer 4

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

Question 5

Electrodes placed on the head. Record electrical activity from the brain.

Answer 5

EEG (electroencephalogram)

Question 6

Radioactive substance and is tracked while the subject performs a task. Computer creates 3D image of brain activity.

Answer 6

PET (position emission tomography)

Question 7

Powerful magnets to track changes in the blood O levels.

Brain structures and function

Answer 7

FMRI (Functional MRI)

Question 8

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Amygdala

Hippocampus

Answer 8

Limbic system

Question 9

Pons

Cerebellum

Medulla

Answer 9

Hindbrain

Question 10

Faster than regular nerves, can bypass them and go right to the spinal cord in case of a message that needs to be dealt with immediately. Bypasses brain, goes right to motor neurons

Answer 10

Reflex Arc

Question 11

Process of absorbing nureotrasmitters back into the cell

Answer 11

Reuptake

Question 12

Agonists

Answer 12

Boosts normal nuerotrasmiter activity.

More receptors= more messages sent

Question 13

Antagonists

Answer 13

Block normal neurotransmitter activity

Question 14

Communication system that uses glands to convey messages by releasing hormones into the bloodstream

Answer 14

Endocrine system

Question 15

A band that runs parallel to the motor cortex.

Integrates sensory info from all over the body

Answer 15

Somatosensory cortex

Question 16

Processes touch, temperature, pressure.

Answer 16

Parietal Lobe

Question 17

Wrinkles outer layer of cerebrum. Higher level mental functions, decision making

Answer 17

Cerebral cortex

Question 18

Located in all four lobes, integrate info from all over the brain. Allows us to learn, have abstract thoughts, and carry out complex behaviors

Answer 18

The association Areas

Question 19

Chemical messengers that neurons use to communicate with the synapse

Answer 19

Neurotransmitters

Question 20

Supporting cells, nourish neurons, protect neurons

Answer 20

Glial Cells

Question 21

Type of Glial cell that supports communication

Answer 21

Astrocytes

Question 22

Type of Glial cell that helps create Myelin Sheath (insulates axon and speeds transmission of messages)

Answer 22

Schwann Cells

Question 23

Breaks between Myelin Segments. Makes impulses faster

Answer 23

Modes of Ranvier

Question 24

End of axon, transmit messages to other neurons

Answer 24

Terminal buds

Question 25

Gap between terminal bud and dendrite of another cell

Answer 25

Synapse

Question 26

Tube like structure that extends from the cell body and sends messages to other neurons.

Answer 26

Axon

Question 27

Fatty substances that insulates the axon and speed up the transmission of neural messages.

Damage to this leads to multiple sclerosis

Answer 27

Myelin Sheath

Question 28

Neurons that receives info from our senses “warm warm, turn on AC” to the brain for further processing

Answer 28

Sensory Neurons (afferent Neurons)

Question 29

Transmit info from the Central NS to muscles and glands

Answer 29

Motor Neurons (efferent Neurons)

Question 30

Reside in the brain and spinal cord. Act as a bridge between the sensory and motor neurons

Answer 30

Interneurons (relay neurons)