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Anatomy & Physiology 2 > Chapters 19&20 > Flashcards

Chapters 19&20 Flashcards

(81 cards)

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1
Q

What transports oxygen to the rest of the body

A

blood

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2
Q

Colloid

A

liquid containing suspended substances that don’t settle out of solution

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3
Q

Albumins

A

osmotic pressure, most abundant protein in plasma

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4
Q

Globulins

A

transports lipids, carbohydrates. hormones, ions, antibodies, and complement

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5
Q

Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes)

A

contain hemoglobin and transport oxygen

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6
Q

White blood cells (leukocytes)

A

only and largest formed element with a nucleus

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7
Q

Agranulocytes

A

monocytes

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8
Q

Platelets (thrombocytes)

A

cell fragments hat form plugs and assist in clotting

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9
Q

Myeoblasts

A

develop into basophils, neutrophils, and eosinophils

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10
Q

An immature red blood cell

A

reticulocyte

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11
Q

Red blood cell components are

A

1/3 hemoglobin

2/3 Lipids, and ATP

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12
Q

70% of what is transported as bicarbonate

A

carbon dioxide

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13
Q

Bicarbonate (HCO3) reacts with what

A

water

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14
Q

What metal is required to make hemoglobin

A

Iron

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15
Q

Increased altitude causes red blood cells to what

A

increase production

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16
Q

What does hemoglobin break down into

A

biliruben

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17
Q

Diapedesis

A

becomes thin, elongate and move either between or through endothelial cells of capillaries

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18
Q

Chemotaxis

A

attraction to and movement toward foreign materials or damaged cells

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19
Q

Puss

A

an accumulation of dead white blood cells and bacteria

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20
Q

What cells have a type of sense of smell to locate foreign matter in the body and attack

A

white blood cells

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21
Q

Neutrophils

A

account for 60-70 percent of white blood cells

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22
Q

Eosiniphils

A

help destroy tapeworm, flukes, pinworms, and hookworms

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23
Q

Monocytes

A

macrophages

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24
Q

What clots the blood

A

platelets

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25
The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is what stage of clotting
3rd
26
Proteins found in plasma hat remain inactive until bleeding begins are what
coagulation factors
27
Does fibrogen dissolve in plasma
yes
28
A blood clot is
a network of threadlike fibrins
29
Extrensic clotting pathways begins
outside the blood
30
Intrinsic clotting pathways begin
inside the blood
31
Plasmin breaks the fibrin molecules and therefore the what into smaller pieces
clot
32
The universal recipient blood type
AB
33
The universal donor blood type
O
34
Type A blood has anti __ antibodies
anti Byo
35
Type B blood has anti __ antibodies
anti A
36
If a mother is Rh- and fetus is Rh+ what happens
mothers body begins to create antibodies against the Rh
37
4 chambered muscular pump
heart
38
Bottom of the heart is called what
Apex
39
Top of the heart is called what
base
40
Epicardium
outer surface of the heart
41
Myocardium
most of the heart is made of this tissue
42
Musculi Pectiniti (pectinate muscles)
muscular ridges in auricles and right atrial wall
43
Trabeculae carnae
muscular ridges and columns on inside walls of ventricles
44
What two veins dump into the coronary sinus
Great cardiac vein and middle cardiac vein
45
Balloon angioplasty
when they feed a tube through the femoral artery to the heart then inflate it to break up the blockage
46
Angina Pectoris
chest pain caused by lack of blood to the heart
47
Chordae Tendinae
attaches to papillary muscles
48
Papillary muscles
prevents AV valve from pertruding into the atrium
49
Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located
between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
50
Ejection phase
when the left ventricle pressure increases and pushes blood out of the aorta
51
Heart Skeleton
provides site for muscle attachment
52
Intercalated disks
specialized cell to cell contacts
53
Gap junctions allow action potential to do what
move from one cell to the next
54
The pacemaker of the heart is
the SA node
55
Atrioventicular bundle
extend through the av septum
56
Purkinjie fibers
inferior to the AV bundle terminal ends
57
Apex
ventricular contraction begins here
58
The Conduction system
1. SA node 2. AV node 3. AV bundle 4. right and left bundle branches 5. Purkinje fibers
59
Action potential conducted more slowly here than in any other part of the system
AV node
60
When sodium channel opens it is what phase
depolarization phase
61
Plateau phase
when calcium channels open (prevents tetanus of cardiac muscle)
62
Cardiac muslce
conducts from cell to cell
63
Skeletal is faster due to
larger diameter fibers
64
Repolarization phase
voltage gated calcium channels close | voltage gated potassium channels open
65
Absolute refractory period
cannot contract again
66
What does long refractory periods prevent
tetanic contraction (cramping)
67
P wave
atrial depolarization
68
QRS complex
ventricular depolarization
69
Systole
ventricular contraction
70
Period of isovolumetric contraction
both ventricles contract period of ejaculation follows
71
Passive ventricular filling
blood flows into the relaxed ventricles, accounting for most of the ventricular filling(70%)
72
First heart sound (Lubb)
when AV valve closes
73
Second heart sound (Dupp)
when semilunar valve closes
74
Incompitent valves
allows wrong way blood flow
75
Murmur
turbulence through the blood flow valves
76
MAP = CO X PR
mean atrial pressure = cardiac output x peripheral resistance
77
Parasympathetic stimulation
normal everyday supplied by vagus nerve and decreases heart rate
78
Sympathetic stimulation
fight or flight response releases epinephrine and norepinephrine, increases force of contraction
79
Main thing that increases heart rate is
the need to get rid of carbon dioxide
80
High levels of CO2 does what to heart rate
increases
81
When body temperature increases
heart rate increases

Anatomy & Physiology 2 (5 decks)

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