Chapters 6-10 Flashcards
(162 cards)
1
Q
Whenthebodycannotgetenoughoxygen,itmakesATPvia:
A
Anaerobic metabolism
2
Q
Principal organ of renal system
A
Kidney
3
Q
Thedivision(region)ofthespinalcolumnthatissubjecttoinjurybecauseitisNOTsupportedbyanotherpartoftheskeletonisthe:
A
Lumbar region
4
Q
Inferiorly the knee connects with the
A
Tibia and fibula
5
Q
Afterinhaledairgoesthroughthelarynx,the
NEXTpartoftherespiratorysystemtheairpassesasitmovestothelungsisthe:
A
Trachea
6
Q
Thechamberthatpumpsoxygen-richbloodoutoftheheartfordistribution to the rest of the body is the
A
Left ventricle
7
Q
Largest artery in the body
A
Aorta
8
Q
Pressure created in the arteries when blood is forced out of the heart is the __. Into the heart __
A
Systolic, diastolic
9
Q
Thebloodvesselswheregases,nutrients,andwasteproductsare
exchangedbetweenthebody’scellsandthebloodstreamarethe:
A
Capillaries
10
Q
Theadequatesupplyofoxygenandnutrientstothecellsofthebodyiscalled:
A
Perfusion
11
Q
Thesubstancethatregulatesacidityandis
Produced bythekidneysiscalled:
A
Bicarbonate
12
Q
Endocrine system produces chemicals called
A
Hormones
13
Q
Body functions such as digestion and heart rate are controlled by the
A
ANS
14
Q
Bones are connected to bones by
A
Ligaments
15
Q
Muscles connected to bones by
A
Tendons
16
Q
Kidney filters out waste called
A
Urea
17
Q
Spinal column is made up of
A
33 vertebrae
18
Q
The __ contains the heart lungs and major blood vessels
A
Thoracic cavity
19
Q
The __ contains the acetabulum and the ball at the proximal end of the femur
A
Hip joint
20
Q
Elbow is an example of a
A
Hinge joint
21
Q
8.Thepropertythatallowsthehearttogenerateandconductelectricalimpulsesonits
ownis___________________ .
A
Automaticity
22
Q
Duringrespiration,gasexchangewiththebloodstreamtakesplaceinthesmallsacs
called___________________ .
A
Alveoli
23
Q
Thepassivesectionoftherespiratorycycleinwhichtheintercostalmusclesand
diaphragmrelaxisknownas___________________ .
A
Exhalation
24
Q
Therespiratoryanatomyofinfantsandchildrendiffersfromthatofadultsinthatthe
___________________ isnarrower,softer,andmoreflexible.
A
Trachea
25
Because the chest walls of infants and children are softer, they rely more on the
Diaphragm
26
The ___________________ ___________________ carries oxygenated blood from the
lungs to the heart.
Pulmonary veins
27
When the left ventricle of the heart is relaxing and refilling, the pressure remaining in
the arteries is the ___________________ blood pressure.
Diastolic
28
The peripheral nervous system is made up of ___________________ nerves and
___________________ nerves.
Sensory and motor
29
The heart muscle has its own blood supply
| through the
coronary artery system.
30
The __ is the strongest and most
| muscular part of the Heart
left ventricle
31
The epidermis contains no blood vessels or nerves. t or f
True
32
Major veins in the body
Pulmonary, SVC, IVC
33
Fraction of the concentration of oxygen in the air that people breathe is known as
Fio2
34
Volume of air that’s moved in and out is called
Tidal volume
35
The force exerted by large proteins in the blood that tends to pull water away from the body cells and into the bloodstream is called
Plasma oncotic pressure
36
Pressure created inside the blood vessels that pushes fluid out of the vessels is called
Hydrostatic pressure
37
Amount of blood that returns to the heart prior to contraction is called
Preload
38
The amount of blood moved by the heart in one minute is called
Cardiac output
39
Degree to which fluid and substances can pass through the capillary wall
Permeability
40
After load is a function of
Systemic vascular resistance
41
Cardiac output is found by multiplying the
Stroke volume by heart rate
42
When either perfusion or ventilation is not adequate to supply the body, it is called a
V/Q mismatch
43
Hypersensitivity is also known as
Allergic reaction
44
plays a major role in the regulation of the dilation and constriction of blood vessels
ANS
45
The concentration of oxygen in the air that a person breathes is called the
Fraction of inspired oxygen
46
A startled infant who reaches out and grabs with her fingers and arms is exhibiting the:
Moro reflex
47
Children begin to be involved with peer groups when they reach:
Preschool
48
One of the most obvious change in school age
| children is the loss of their:
Primary teeth
49
Growth spurts during
Adolescent
50
Cancer develops in the stage of life known as
Middle adulthood
51
Depression and suicide common in
Adolescent
52
An infant’s ability to grab your finger when you
| place it in his or her palm is called the
Palmar reflex
53
Describes the infants need for an orderly predictable environment
Trust vs mistrust
54
Children spend less Time with their parents and require more general supervision during what age
School age
55
Children who reach adolescence often begin engaging in __ behaviors.
Self destructive
56
Peak physical condition during ages
19-26
57
Stages of lifespan
Infancy, toddler, preschool, school, adolescence, early adulthood, middle, late
58
Heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure of infant
90-160, 24-30 per min, 90 mmHg
59
Heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure for toddler
80-140, 24-40, 90 + age x2
60
Heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure preschool
70-120, 22-34, 90 + agex2
61
Heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure school age (6-12)
65-120, 18-30, 90 + age x2
62
adolescence (13-18) Heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic blood pressure
60-100, 12-20, 107-117 or less than 120
63
Turns head to the side when cheek is touched
Rooting reflex
64
Posterior fontanellea close in __ and anterior closes __
2-3 months, 9-18 months
65
Brain is 90% of adult brain by
Toddler phase
66
By _ all teeth should come in
36 months
67
Task orientation develops during
Middle adulthood
68
```
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Coccyx
```
```
7
12
5
5
4
```
69
Largest long bone
Femur
70
Smaller bone of the leg, lateral
Fibula
71
Voluntary skeletal muscle is responsible for
Movement
72
Airway path
Mouth and nose, oropharynx, nasopharynx, epiglottis, larynx, trachea, lungs
73
Had cricoid cartilage in lower position
Larynx
74
Diaphragm controlled by
phrenic nerve
75
During inhalation, diaphragm moves __ and intercostals contract __
Downward, up and out
76
Negative pressure pulls air into lungs
Inhalation
77
Movement of gases to snd from alveoli
Ventilation
78
Oxygenated blood carried from
Lungs to heart
79
SA node is located in the
Right atrium
80
SA node vs AV node BPm
80, 40-60
81
Transports blood from left ventricle to begin systemic circulation
Aorta
82
Carries deoxygenated blood to lungs
Pulmonary artery
83
Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from
Lungs to left atrium
84
Central pulse is the
Carotid and femoral
85
Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system in the
ANS
86
Produces bile
Liver
87
Blood filtration
Spleen
88
Adrenal glands secretes
Epinephrine
89
Building block of energy
Glucose
90
Oxygen comes in from the
Arterial side
91
Hormones and adjust body
Hypothalamus
92
Heart rate and breathing
Medulla
93
Bag mask volume
1 L
94
Loss of tone of blood vessels causes
Trauma, infection, allergic reaction
95
Excessive permeability causes
Sepsis, high altitude, and diseases
96
Body is __ water
60%
97
Brain and kidneys regulate
Thirst and elimination of excess fluid
98
Most water is held in the
Intracellular
99
Stimulate carina
Cough
100
What kind of muscle on bronchioles
Smooth muscle
101
Lower airway consists of the
Trachea below larynx
102
The first step of emergency care in the patient with inadequate breathing is:
opening and maintaining the patient’s airway
103
Signs of inadequate airway include: A. wheezing, crowing, or gurgling noises. B. minimal or uneven chest movements. C. the patient being unable to speak in full sentences. D. all of the above.
D
104
During your assessment of a 54-year-old male patient, you find that he is not breathing. Your next step should be to:
begin providing artificial ventilations to the patient.
105
Your 24-year-old female patient has fallen from the roof of her house and is unconscious. The best method of opening her airway is the:
Jaw thrust
106
Oropharyngeal airways can be used on
| __ patients
Unconscious, no gag reflex
107
NPA doesn’t stimulate a
Gag reflex
108
Suction longer then __ if patient continues to vomit
10 s
109
Most popular type of suction is the
Yankauer
110
The most common impediment to an open airway is a lack of airway
Muscle tone
111
Abdominal breathing is a sign of inadequate airway in an adult.
True
112
High pitched whistling, narrowed upper airway (choking)
Stridor
113
Swelling around vocal cords
Hoarseness
114
Sound of soft tissue in upper airway, diminished muscle tone
Snoring
115
Fluid obstructing the airway, need suction
Gurgling
116
Airway procedure best done when patient is
Supine
117
Airway has priority over
Spine protection
118
people ideally move a head neck or spinal injury
3
119
Sniffing positions help
Open airway
120
In supine patient, position is achieved by placing about
1.5-2 inches of padding behind head
121
Optimal position for opening airway is when the ear is
Same level with supersternal notch
122
OPA and NPA want to keep the _ from blocking airway
Tongue
123
Don’t use NPA if
Trauma on head or face
124
Want the beveled side near the
Septum wall
125
Suctioning rules
No more than 10 seconds
| Suction on the way out
126
Pediatric suctioning use a
Bulb syringe
127
Altered mental status means
Brain needs more oxygen
128
Diffusion happens in
Capillaries
129
Amount of air moves in one breath
Tidal volume
130
Low level of oxygen
Hypoxia
131
High level of co2
Hyper capnia
132
Precursor to respiratory arrest
Respiratory failure
133
Compensation working in respiratory
Distress
134
Compensation not working in
Respiratory fail true
135
If not breathing
Respiratory arrest
136
Normal pulse O2 is
94-99%
137
Capillary refill
2-3 sec
138
Causes of hypoxia
Patient trapped in fire, emphysema, narcotic overdose, heart attack, stroke
139
If hypoxic…
Administer oxygen
140
Provide artificial ventilation to a
Non breathing patient or
141
Relies on a force that’s opposite of the force the body normally uses
CPAP
142
Artificial ventilation used when
Not breathing or inadequate breathing
143
Hyperventilation leads to
Vasoconstriction
144
When venting a patient breathing fast…
ventilate fewer times with greater volume
145
If venting a patient that breaths slow
Add ventilation in between patients own rate to 12/min
146
The reduction of breathing to the point where oxygen intake or ventilation
removal of carbon dioxide is insufficient to support life is called:
Respiratory failure
147
A 45-year old is suffering from an acute asthma attack. You expect the patient to have:
Decreased tidal volume
148
Which of the following methods for providing
ventilatory assistance is considered most
effective?
A. Two-rescuer bag-valve mask technique with high-flow supplemental oxygen
B. Mouth-to-mouth using oxygen
C. One-rescuer bag-valve mask technique
D. Pocket face mask without oxygen
A
149
. If oxygen is connected to a pocket face mask, the setting on the oxygen tank
regulator should be set to:
15 lpm
150
What device on a bag-valve mask may prevent adequate ventilation?
Pop off valve
151
A nasal cannula should be used to deliver oxygen to a patient who:
A. has a chronic lung disease.
B. is under one year of age.
C. will not tolerate a nonrebreather mask.
D. uses a cannula with a home oxygen system.
C
152
Oxygen cylinder sizes vary, but all are considered “full” when pressure is
equal to:
2000 psi
153
most difficult part of delivering B V M artificial ventilations is obtaining an adequate
Mask seal
154
8.Venturi masks allow specific concentrations of oxygen by mixing oxygen with
___________________ ___________________ .
Inhaled air
155
Partial rebreather masks allow the patient to rebreathe about one-third of their
___________________ ___________________ .
Exhaled air
156
E M T’s best way to deliver
high concentrations of oxygen to a breathing patient because it can provide
concentrations of oxygen ranging from ___________________ percent to
___________________ percent.
Nonrebreather mask, 80-90%
157
Most B V M s have a standard 15/22 mm connection to properly fit face masks
and endotracheal tubes.
True
158
Adults ventilated, children ventilated
10-12, 12-20
159
Supplemental O2 used when there’s
SOB, hypoxia, low O2 saturation
160
Nasal cannula don’t exceed
4-6 L/min, 1-6 L, 22-44% Oxyegn
161
Tracheotomy mask connected to __ L/min
8-10 L/min
162
Hold tube or mask _ inches away in blow by
2
