Exam 3 Flashcards by Mia Sassano

Prescribedinhalersandepinephrine
autoinjectorshaveasimilar
effectonpatientsinthattheycan:

Increase heart rate

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Epinephrineisanexampleofadrug’s:

Generic name

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Theclearplastictubingthatconnectsthe
fluidbagtoaneedleorcatheterinintravenous
therapyiscalledthe
______
set.

Administration

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Crushingchestpaininapatientwitha
knownhistoryofheart
problemswouldbetreatedbyadministering:

Nitro

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What are the 5 rights of administering drugs

Do I have the right patient 
Is this the right medication 
Is this the right dose
Is this the right route
Is it the right time

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Common side effects of inhalers

Higher heart rate and jitters

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Examples of prescribed inhalers

Albuterol and levalbuterol

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suspensionusedto

treatapoisoningoroverdoseinwhichthesubstancewasswallowed.

Activated charcoal

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isadministeredtoa
consciouspatient(abletoswallow)withan
alteredmentalstateandahistoryof
diabetes.

Oral glucose

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drugusedtotreatanypatientwhosemedicalor

traumaticconditioncauseshimtobehypoxicorindangerofbecominghypoxic.

Oxygen

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Manypatientswithrecurrentchestpaincarry pills.

Nitro

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EverydrugormedicationintheUnitedStatesis
listedinthe __ whichisacomprehensive
governmentpublication.

us Pharmacopoeia

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Everydrughas__ orspecificsigns,symptoms,or

circumstancesunderwhichitisappropriatetoadministerittoapatient.

Indications

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3 names of a drug

General
Chemical
Trade (brand)

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Form of activated charcoal

Suspension

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Side effects of nitro

Low blood pressure

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Constrictsthebloodvesselsandrelaxesairway

passages, Increasedheartrateandbloodpressure

Epinephrine

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Antidote for a patient who is unconscious and in respiratory failure from narcotic

Narcan

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Bronchodilator inhaler enlarges…

Constructed breathing tubes

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Nitroglycerin helps

Dilate coronary vessels

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Epinephrine is a

Vasoconstrictor

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What % of people have an ischemic stroke if they have 1 FAST SYMPTOM

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Force protection medications…

Atropine auto injector

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An example of a compressed powder or tablet is

Nitro

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An example of a sublingual spray

Nitro

A parenteral route means

Bypassing the GI tract

What route makes it difficult to absorb a medication if bad circulation

Sublingual

If a medication is absorbed SL its absorbed by the

Vascular soft tissue

When giving a drug IN use a

Atomizer

Injected into bone marrow cavity

Intraosseous

What kind of patients have a difficult time eliminating medications

Geriatric

After giving a medications…

Reassess patient

Medication that may be prescribed to patient for dolly management of respiratory disease. Not used for emergency treatment

Advair

Insufficient flow of an IV can cause

Clots

Inspiration is a __ process

Active

Air pulled into lungs, diaphragm lowers and ribs move up and out

Inhalation

Breaths per minute for adult, school age child, and infant

12-20 18-30 30-60

First organ affected by hypoxia

Brain

No air into lungs, ominous in children is a

Silent chest

What kind of respirations are seen before respiratory arrest

Agonal

In children, with their airway they have…

``` Larger tongue Smaller trachea Smaller airway Less developed cricoid cartilage Heavy dependence on diaphragm ```

Bag valve ventilations for adult vs child

Adult is 10-12 | Child is 12-20

Nonrebreather mask required __ breathing to pull oxygen into lungs

Adequate

What won’t vibe ventilation to a patient not breathing or inadequately

NBM

Effect of hyperventilating

Constricts blood vessels, elimination of more CO2

The pulse rates on adults will. __ when there is a lack of oxygen

Increase

__ pulse rates can indicate inadequate artificial ventilation in kids

Decreasing

In patients with difficult breathing observe…

Barrel chest, tripod position, altered mental status, work of breathing, pale or cyanosis skin, edema, noisy breathing

Crackles and rhonchi are in the

Lower airway

Do not put a __ in child’s mouth to examine airway because it can result in spasms or injury

Tongue depressor

Decreased heart rate can be a late sign of

Difficulty breathing

High pitched, air moving through narrow passage

Wheezing

What sound is Heard in inspiration and caused by fluid in alveoli or by opening of closed alveoli

CrackLes

Lower pitched, resembles snoring, caused by secretions in airway

Rhonci

Upper airway sound, high pitch, obstruction

Strider

CPAP is a __ procedure

Noninvasive

Blowing oxygen continuously at a low pressure into airway prevents

Alveoli rom collapsing

Can prevent fluid from entering alveoli in pulmonary edema

CPAP

Depressants are also known as

Barbiturates

Mixing ammonia and other chemicals can lead to an

Explosion

Never use CPAP in situations where

Artificial ventilations would be indicated

Don’t give CPAP if

Lack of normal respiratory rate, can’t sit up, hypotension, upper GI bleed

Side effects of CPAP

hypotension, pneumothorax, risk of aspiration, drying of corneas

Broad classification of chronic lung disease

COPD

Number one cause of COPD

Smoking

Bronchiole lining inflamed, excess mucus produced, clubbing digits

Chronic bronchitis

Pursed lip breathing, alveoli walls break down , lungs lose elasticity, CO2 trapped in lungs

Emphysema

In asthma what breathing phase is longer

Exhalation

Chronic disease with episodic exacerbations, bronchioles narrow and muscles overproduced

Asthma

Airway flow is restricted in 1 direction

Wheezing in asthma

Abnormal fluid accumulation in alveoli

Pulmonary edema

Pressure builds up in pulmonary capillaries and patient experiences dyspnea

Pulmonary edema

CHF patients often have

Pulmonary edema

Treatment of patients with Pulmonary edema

Keep legs in dependent position, CPAP, low sodium

Infection in the lungs, results from inhalation of microbes

Pneumonia

Rupture of a bleb, lung collapses without injury, decreased or absent lung sounds on injured lung side

Spontaneous pneumothorax

Tachycardia, JVD, hypotension, and smoking, tall or thin people are at higher risk

Spontaneous pneumothorax

CPAP contraindicated with

Spontaneous pneumothorax

Commonly caused by DVT

Pulmonary embolism

Blockage in blood supply to lungs

Pulmonary embolism

Common reasons for DVT

Laying down in same position for a long time, active cancer, limb immobilized

Signs of pulmonary embolism

Breathing worsens in and out, swelling in leg, hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea

Primary result of childhood vaccination against haemophilus influenza type B

Epiglottitis

Infection causing swelling around and above epiglottis, common with children

Epiglottitis

Caused by group of viral illnesses, inflammation of larynx, trachea, and bronchi

Croup

Tissues in upper airway become swollen, loud barking cough, inspiratory strider

Croup

Croup common in ages

6 months to 4 years

Broncholitis is common in the

Fall and winter

Small airways inflames because of viral infection

Bronchiolitis

Most common cause of bronchiolitis

Respiratory syntactical virus (RSV) kids less than 5

Half of people with CF are

18 and up

Genetic, appears during childhood, causes thick mucus in lungs and digestive system

Viral respiratory infections are common in. ___ and symptoms can last. __

Adults, 1-2 weeks (influenza)

With viral respiratory infections what are treatment options

Oxygen with hypoxia and bronchodilator for wheezing, good hygiene

The prescribed inhaler is a

Metered dose

When giving prescribed inhaler, have patient exhale deeply and hold breath for ___ . Wait ___ between administration

5-10 seconds, 15-30 seconds

Small volume nebulizer is a

Metered dose

Produced continuous flow of aerosolized medication that can be taken during multiple breaths

Small volume neb

Hold breath for __ with nebulizer

2-3 sec

First line agent to treat bronchoconstiction

Duo neb

Dilates bronchioles passageways by engaging beta receptors with sympathetic NS

Albuterol

Blocs bronchoconstriction associated with parasympathetic NS

Ipatropium bromide

What numbers are concerning with tachycardia and bradycardia

150, 50

In an infant or a child, bradycardia is a sign of:

Respiratory failure

A condition in infants and small children in which the movement of the diaphragm causes the chest and abdomen to move in opposite directions is called:

Seesaw breathing

``` All of the following are contraindications for C P A P use EXCEPT: A. tachycardia. B. chest trauma. C. hypotension. D. poor mask seal. ```

muscular structure that divides the chest | cavity from the abdominal cavity.

Diaphragm

patient who uses several pillows to prop himself up when sleeping may be suffering from .

Pulmonary edema

Blockage due to narrowing of the bronchi that lead from the trachea to the lungs is known as .

Bronchoconstriction

Shortness of breath

Dysnpnea

patient meets nitroglycerin criteria, the maximum number of doses that can be administered is:

``` Which of the following is NOT a sign of congestive heart failure? A. Jugular vein distention B. Crackles C. Urticaria D. Pulmonary edema ```

malfunction of the heart’s electrical system will generally result in a(n

Dysrhythmia

contraindication for the administration of | nitroglycerin?

Viagra taken

Patients suffering from an occlusion or narrowing of the coronary arteries suffer from ______

CAD

first organ perfused by oxygenated blood leaving the heart is the:

Heart

The V1 lead for a 12-lead E C G is placed: A. in the 5th intercostal space at the mid-clavicular line. B. in the 5th intercostal space on the anterior axillary line. C. at the level of the 4th intercostal space just to the right of the sternum. D. at the level of the 4th intercostal space just to the left of the sternum.

The blocking of a coronary artery by the formation of a | thrombus or by an embolism is known as

Acute MI

two most common sites of aneurysms that you will | encounter in emergency situations are the:

Aorta and brain

The blanket term that refers to any time the blood supply to the cells of the heart is blocked or disrupted is ___________________ ___________________ .

Cardiac compromise (ACS)

pulse rate slower than 60 beats per minute is

Bradycardia

pulse rate faster than 100 beats per minute is

Tachycardia

Most heart problems in infants and small children are ___________________ in nature.

Congenital

With coronary artery disease, the amount of blood passing through the artery is

Reduced

Angina pectoris, literally “a pain in the chest,” is most often brought on by

Stress and exertion

The condition that occurs when the heart is unable to pump blood with normal efficiency is called ___________________ ___________________ .

Heart failure

Nitroglycerin should only be administered if the patient’s systolic blood pressure is above ___________________ .

A clot formed of blood and plaque attached to the inner wall of an artery or vein

Thrombus

Dilation of a weakened section of an arterial wall

Aneurysm

Moving blood clot or plaque that broke loose from an artery wall

Embolism

Condition in which part of the heart muscle dies from oxygen | starvation

Acute MI

Blockage, as of an artery by fatty deposits

Occlusion

Pain in the chest due to reduced supply of blood and oxygen | to a portion of the heart muscle

Angina

Acute coronary syndrome, __ BP and __ heart rate

Increased

Hypoxia condition of the heart

Ischemia

Chest discomfort that radiates to jaw neck shoulders abdomen, dyspnea common in older people and women, irregular pulse

ACS

Grabbing clutching chest is

Levine sign

Look for __ in physical exam of ACS

Acute pulmonary edema, fluid on left side, swollen ankles and feet on right side

12 lead ECG measures the

Anterior part of the heart, last thing to change during heart attack

If ECG is normal with chest pains give

Aspirin

Order of medications for chest pain

Oxygen Aspirin Nitro

Max dose of aspirin

325 mg PO

Don’t give aspirin if

GI bleed, blood thinners, allergic, aspiration risk

You can __ with nitro if prescribed

Assist

Viagra is a

Vasodilator

After giving a dose of nitro, reassess and repeat dose in __ if partial relief

5 minutes

Risk factors of coronary artery disease

Hereditary, hypertension, obesity’s increase blood cholesterol, smoking

Insufficient flow to myocardium

Angina

If pain exerts itself and stops once rested, it is known as

Stable angina

Nitro __ blood vessels

Dilates

Hardened plaque can cause aneurysm of a blood vessel

Acute MI

Acute MI can cause

Ischemia, dysrhythmias, carcinogenic shock

Disrupts electrical function of heart

Ischemia

Right sided heart failure include

Pressure build up in right atrium and SVC jvd Pedal edema Abdomen swelling

Left sided heart failure

Pressure build up in pet atrium and pulmonary vein Fluid leaks into alveoli Impaired gas exchange Pulmonary edema

Look for ____ with heart failure and acute pulmonary edema

Edema, crackles, swelling in as stomach, JVD, pink frothy sputum

Bursting of an aneurysm can cause

Internal bleeding

Normal BP by AHA

110/70

Arrhythmias to worry about

Ventricular fib and tach

Sodium and potassium in the heart make the heart

Squeeze

Sodium in heart regulated by

Insulin

Pulseless electrical activity indicates

Mechanical failure

Are all examples of ___ heart failure: loss of normal heart structure, MI, chronic hypertension, loss of valve function

Mechanical

Electrical dysfunction of the heart include

Asystole, unusually slow or fast rhythm, v fib and v tach

Complete failure of electrical system

Asystole

Abrupt onset of dysrhythmia, oxygen levels normal in beginning

Sudden cardiac arrest

Acute blunt trauma to chest

Commotion cordis

Heart stopped pumping due to systemic hypoxia , low oxygen levels

Asphyxial cardiac arrest

Primal reflex during cardiac arrest

Agonal respiratiojsn

Cardiac arrests in children are usually

Asphyxia

Cardiac arrest in children caused by

Respiratory problem, choking

SUIDS has an __

Unknown cause

Accidental suffocation and strangulation can result in

SIDS

Late sign of heart failure

Pink frothy sputum

Increases temperature is a sign of

Pericarditis

Cardiac slowdown and sleep apnea signs of

SUIDS

Unless rigor mortis, provide __ in SUIDS

Resuscitation

Handplacement of CPR

Lower third of patients sternum

CPR With one rescuer and 2 rescuer infant

1 rescuer= 2 finger chest | 2 = thumbs around chest

5 elements of improving cardiac arrest survival

1. Recognition and activation of ERS 2. Immediate high quality CPR 3. Rapid defibrillation 4. BAsic and advanced Ems 5. ALS and post arrest care

CPR maintains

Cerebral and coronary perfusion pressures

Concerned with what with narcan

Breathing

Range of blood glucose

70-110

Compression depth in adults and infants

2 inch, 1.5 or 1/3 diameter

Elbows should be _ during CPR

Locked

Pivot point to __ in CPR

Waits

Compressions __ CPR

100-120 per minute, aim for compression fraction above 90%

Ventilations in CPR for pediatrics with 2 rescuers

15:2

Mechanical CPR device

LUCASCPR

Sends single shock from negative pad to positive pad

Monophasic AED

Sends shock in one direction and then other

Biphasic AED

Triangle of life consists of

Compressions, attached AED, and airway management and ventilations

Swelling in upper airway

Angioedema

It alone while providing compressions, for adults __ for children __

attach AED first then adult compressions | Begin CPR then attach AED for kids

Check pulse every __ if resuscitation is successful

30 seconds

Once you start resuscitation you continue until

Spontaneous circulation occurs, too exhausted, cease resuscitation order, turn care over

Croup can lead to

Epligollistis

Cardiac arrest for hypothermia and submersion injuries…

Attempt defibrillation and wait again until core temp is 86 before attempting again

The most important component of successful C P R implementation is:

Quality compressions

The first step in assessing a patient in cardiac arrest is to:

Verify pulselessness and apnea

``` If a patient has an artificial pacemaker, it is usually visible as a lump: A. above the sternum. B. below the sternum. C. above a clavicle. D. below a clavicle. ```

Pediatric defibrillator pads should be used for defibrillation of any child who is less than: A. 13 years old. B. 6 years old. C. 10 years old. D. 8 years old.

``` All the following are signs or symptoms commonly associated with a diabetic emergency EXCEPT: A. an elevated heart rate. B. combativeness. C. seizures. D. hot, dry skin. ```

``` Glucose is administered by the E M T in the form of a: A. tablet. B. liquid for injection. C. nasal spray. D. gel. ```

The type of diabetes that requires a patient to inject supplemental doses of synthetic insulin is:

Type 1

If a patient drinks large amounts of water, has acetone breath, and has warm skin, you would suspect:

Hyperglycemia

The most common cause of seizures in infants and children six months to three years of age is:

Hugh fever

``` The condition in which a person has a temporary loss of consciousness with spontaneous recovery is called A. atrophy. B. syncope. C. unresponsiveness. D. dizziness. ```

``` The type of seizure characterized by unconsciousness and major motor activity is called: A. complex partial seizure. B. focal sensory seizure. C. Jacksonian seizure. D. tonic-clonic seizure. ```

The phase of a tonic clonic seizure in which the body jerks about violently is the:

Clonic

``` The condition in which a stroke severely limits a patient’s ability to use words is called: A. ischemia. B. dyspnea. C. aphasia. D. syncope. ```

``` After convulsions have ceased, a patient with a seizure disorder should be transported: A. in a prone position. B. on their side. C. with feet elevated. D. in a tripod position. ```

Blood sugar cannot pass from the bloodstream into the body’s cells without

Insulin

The most common medical emergency for patient who is diabetic is a condition called

Hypoglycemia

often be controlled without supplemental | insulin through supervised diet and oral medication.

Type 2

Two or more convulsive seizures in a row or a single seizure lasting 10 minutes or more is defined as the condition called ___________________

Status epilepticus

Document level of consciousness or after meds in a patient with altered mental status every

5 minutes

Diseases to impact pancreas

Alcoholism

Insulin acts as a

Gateway

Glucose is large and cannot pass through cell withou

Insulin

Pancreas secretes insulin when blood glucose exceeds

Pancreatic cells don’t function properly, too little insulin

Type 1

Need to be __ for oral glucose

A and o x 3

Body’s fat cells fail to utilize insulin

Type 2

Hypoglycemia caused by

``` Too much insulin Too little sugar intake Increased metabolic rate Vomiting Overexertion ```

Onset is __ in hypoglycemia

Rapid

Treatment of hypoglycemia

Oral glucose

Caused my insulin deficiency, infection, stress, increased dietary intake, slow onset

Hyperglycemia

Increased urination is a sigh of

Hyperglycemia

Build up of wastes and combined with dehydration

DKA ketoacidosis

Signs of DKA

``` Blood glucose around 400 Shock Increased eating drinking and urination Acetone odor Expel molecules through metabolic rate (coos mows rate- on exhalation) ```

Continuous glucose meters can test every __ minutes by sensor under skin

5 minutez

Less thank 60 mg/dL | Greater than 140 mg/dL

Hypoglycemia | Hyperglycemia

Greater than 300 mg/dL

Dehydration

Reading of high | Reading of low

500 mg/dL, 15 mg/dL

Oral glucose only helps

Hypoglycemic people

If normal respiratory rates but snoring use a

NPA

Partial seizures affect

1 part of the brain

Generalized seizures affect

All Brain and consciousness

Steps of a tonic clonic seizure

Tonic Clonic Postictal

Patients know, seizures proceeded by a sensation

Aura

Most common cause of seizures in adults

Failure to take medications

In heat stroke, what organ shuts off first

Kidney

What is eclampsia

High blood pressure and excess protein in urine results in sezures in pregnant women or after giving birth

If present during seizure…

Don’t try to hold patient still | If vagus nerve stimulator, family members apply magnet

Abnormal behavior that includes looking like drunk, fidgeting, glassy stare, no loss of consciousness but no memory of episode

Complex partial sezuire

Brief 10 second temporary loss of concentration of awareness, no motor activity

Absence (petit mal) seizure

Generalized seizures are

Tonic clonic and absent

BlockGs that occurs from clot or embolism obstructing artery

Ischemic stroke

Bleeding from ruptured blood vessel in brain

Hemorrhage stroke

Results from high blood pressure or weak area of artery bulges and ruptures

Hemorrhage stroke

Hemiparesis

1 sided weakness

Difficulty communicating

Aphasia

Patient knows what they want to say but uses wrong words

Inexpressive aphasia

Patient can understand you buy responses don’t make sense

Inreceptive aphasia

Patient exhibits stroke signs that resolve in 24 hours

TIA

Hypoxia period is short and no permanent damage in

TIA

Use CPSS to assess for

TIA

Patients criteria for clot busting drugs

Onset of stroke less than 3 hours prior CT scan shows no hemorrhage BP not hypertensive

Greatest danger with syncope patient is

Falling

During anaphylaxis, blood vessels

Blood vessels dilate rapidly causing hypotension

On first exposure of allergic reaction | On second exposure

Antibodies form | Antibodies combine with allergen, release histamine

What happens during spectrum of rxn during allergic rxn

Blood vessels dilate Flushing of skin Bronchoconstriction Urticaria (hives)

During allergic reaction, heart rate __ and __ BP

Increases, decreases

Epinephrine does what for blood vessels and bronchioles

Constricts blood vessels and dilates bronchioles

Doses for epi

0. 3 mL adults | 0. 15 mL kids

``` Signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction include all of the following EXCEPT: A. itching. B. pale, cold skin, . C. decreased blood pressure. D. watery eyes. ```

Anaphylaxis is differentiated from an allergic | reaction by

Respiratory distress

``` When administered as a medication, epinephrine will accomplish all of the following EXCEPT: A. constrict blood vessels. B. lower blood pressure. C. dilate the bronchioles. D. improve perfusion. ```

Administration of epinephrine needs to be | carefully documented Because of effects on the

Heart

To manage a patient’s airway and breathing during an allergic reaction, an E M T should apply ___________________ - ___________________ ___________________ through a ___________________ ___________________ .

High concentration oxygen, Nonrebreather

epinephrine will ___________________ blood | vessels and improve the ___________________ of tissues.

Constrict, perfusion

A disease that may be passed from one person to another is:

Communicable

A microbe that is not a cell and that has a protein coat or shell that encloses what it needs to reproduce is a:

Virus

Microbes that can cause yeast infections are:

Fungi

The time from exposure to the development of first symptoms is the:

Incubation period

``` During the local infection stage of sepsis, the body: A. increases white blood cells. B. produces lactic acid. C. causes vasoconstriction. D. decreases vascular permeability. ```

``` During septic shock, lactic acid and other chemicals accumulate in the bloodstream, producing ______ and leaky capillaries. A. vasoconstriction B. bronchoconstriction C. vasodilation D. bronchodilation ```

life-threatening condition that results from an abnormal and counterproductive response by the body that causes damage to tissues and organs is called:

Sepsis

A problem involving the gastrointestinal system that can develop into sepsis is:

Pancreatitis

Causes of sepsis from lungs

Pneumonia

A type of hepatitis spread by the fecal oral route is:

Each year, an influenza vaccine is released that works against ______ that scientists believe will be most common that season.

Several viruses

``` Washing the exposure site is one of the postexposure actions for: A. chickenpox. B. pertussis. C. croup. D. H I V. ```

``` Antibiotics that used to be effective may no longer work because of bacteria developing: A. resistance. B. virulence. C. toxicity. D. susceptibility. ```

SIRS criteria

Temp lower than 96.8 and higher then 101 Heart rate over 90 Respiratory rate over 20 Systolic bp lower than 90

Quick sepsis related organ failure assessment doesn’t

Predict if someone is septic, predicts if patient will die or has to stay in ICU

__cause yeast infections, ___________________ can cause malaria, and ___________________ such as tapeworms live off the body without providing any benefit.

Fungi, Protozoa, parasites

Rabies virus infection is almost always fatal if the virus enters the body through the ___________________ , most often from the bite of an infected animal.

Blood steam

inflammation of the tissues surrounding the brain and spinal cord, is a well-known cause of death.

Meningitis

Patients with chickenpox are isolated to prevent spread of the disease until all of the ___________________ have dried and have crusts on them.

Lesions

With measles, small white or bluish-white spots called ___________________ spots may appear on the inside of the cheek.

Koplik

disease caused by paramyxovirus that typically starts with vague symptoms such as muscle aches, loss of appetite, and headache.

Mumps

with hepatitis A may be asymptomatic, so they can spread the disease easily and unknowingly.

Children

Following H I V exposure, ___________________ in the form of antiviral medication can be prescribed for 28 days.

PEP, POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS

The incubation period for influenza ranges from ___________________ to ___________________ days but is typically ___________________ days.

1-4, 2

People with latent ___________________ confirmed by skin or blood testing will be put on one or more antibiotics for 6–9 months.

Tuberculosis

H P V causes genital warts and is the causative agent of ___________________ cancer in women.

Cervical

strength of the microbe in combating the body’s defenses.

Virulence

The incubation period for hepatitis B is __

60-90 days

The annual number of poisoning cases in the United States each year is more than:

2 million

Modern treatment of ingested poisoning and overdose consists primarily of: A. administration of an antidote. B. prevention of absorption. C. inducement of vomiting. D. dilution of a poisonous substance.

The most frequent victims of poisoning are:

Children

Ischemic stroke vitals

200/100 High bp (vasoconstriction), pulse and respiratory rate normal

Hemorrhage stroke vitals

High BP, low pulse of 40, pulse fluctuates

Number one cause of aneurysm

High bp

treating cases of inhaled poisons, the drug of first choice is: A. activated charcoal. B. syrup of ipecac. C. glucose. D. oxygen.

All the following are typical signs and symptoms of carbon monoxide A. cherry red skin. B. cyanosis. C. nausea. D. altered mental status.

The primary step in treating a patient with absorbed liquid poisoning is: A. administration of oxygen. B. irrigation of the skin. C. neutralization of the acid or alkali. D. administration of an antidote.

Mind affecting drugs that act on the central nervous system to distort sensory perceptions are known as:

Hallucinogens

When a patient has ingested a poison, provide ventilations through a(n)

Pocket face mask

The principal prehospital treatment of inhaled | poisoning consists of

Maintain airway and support ventilation

Alcohol affects the

CNS

The patient suffering from alcohol withdrawal may experience seizures, or .

Delirium tremens

Cleaning fluid, glue, and model cement are commonly abused

Volatile chemicals

Adult poisoning from

Accident or deliberate medication overdose

Blown pupil affects

Pulse

Pressure in head trauma results in

Projectile vomiting

Works through absorption allowing substances to attach to its surface

Activated charcoal

Contradictariona of activated charcoal

Can’t swallow, mental status altered, ingested acids or alkalis, active vomiting, or swallowed gas

What used to be the preferred treatment for poisoning

Syrup of ipecac, induces vomit with one dose

Dilution amount for adults and children

``` Adults= drink 1-2 glasses of water or milk Child= drink. 1/2 to 1 glass ```

Water may __ while milk may

Slow absorption, soothe stomach

Acetaminophen poisoning effects

4-12 hours= loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting | 1-2 days= right upper quadrant pain and jaundice

Give antidote with acetaminophen positing in the first

12 hours

Vasodilation __ BP

decreases

A band around the head, headache is a symptom of

CO poisoning

Always check the ¥¥ with ischemic stroke

Time since last normal

Remove powder of an absorbed position by brushing it off and irrigating it with clean water for at least

20 minutes

Any disease or condition that arises spontaneously or where cause is unknown

Idiopathic

Stimulants such as cocaine or meth that affect the CNS and excite user

Uppers

Depressants such as benzodiazepines that depress CNS

Downers

Roofies or rohypnol are

Dormers

GHB is a

Downer

Georgia Home Boy or goop, produces sense of euphoria and hallucinations, causes reparatory depression

Downers, GHB

Ecstasy is a

Hallucinogen

CO if inhaled will cause

Prevents normal carrying of oxygen on red blood cells, hypoxia

Pain that originates in the walls of the hollow | organs is called:

visceral

Thin membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering each organ

Peritoneum

Attached to the abdominal wall

Parietal peritoneum

Covers each organ

Visceral peritoneum

Fewer nerve endings allow for only diffuse sensations of pain, dull or achy

Visceral pain

Described as sharp, localized to a specific area, many nerve endings allow for pain that’s easier to locate

Parietal pain

Pain that is felt in a place other than where it | originates is called:

Referred

``` Which of the following signs indicates internal bleeding? A. Greenish emesis B. Sweet smell to emesis C. Mucous in emesis and feces D. Coffee-ground-like emesis ```

``` Which type of medication can cause bleeding in the stomach? A. Diabetes medication B. Aspirin C. Epinephrine D. Albuterol ```

What term is used to indicate voluntary or involuntary protecting of the abdomen to prevent further pain upon palpation? A. Guarding B. Reacting C. Checking D. Auscultation

``` The best position in which to place a conscious patient with acute abdominal pain is: A. the recovery position. B. prone. C. a position of comfort. D. guarded. ```

``` retroperitoneal space contains which of the following organs? A. Kidneys B. Liver C. Spleen D. Gallbladder ```

patient with pain in the right lower quadrant | (R L Q) is most likely suffering from which of the following?

Appendicitis

Tearing pain that is felt in the back is a symptom of what serious medical problem?

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

Severe flank pain suffering from

Renal colic

Irritation of peritoneum, usually by foreign material, sensitive and especially to acidic substances

Peritonitis

Hole in muscle layer of abdominal wall, allowing tissue or organs to protrude up against skin

Hernia

Fertilized embryo implants outside the uterus

Ectopic pregnancy

Older people have a __ ability to perceive pain

Decreased

What quadrant is a position of comfort for airway protection

LLR

Stay at least __ feet from psycho patient

Tenth leading cause of death US

suicide

``` The medical condition most likely to cause a rapid onset of erratic behavior, dizziness, and profuse perspiration is: A. low blood sugar. B. lack of oxygen. C. head trauma. D. stroke. ```

A medical condition that can closely mimic a psychiatric condition is: A. low blood sugar. B. depression. C. psychosis. D. catatonia.

In talking with a behavioral patient, an E M T should take all of the following actions EXCEPT: A. identifying himself. B. avoiding direct eye contact. C. being as honest as possible. D. standing at least three feet from the patient.

highest suicide rates have been found in people | ages:

15-25

Patients who have been improperly restrained may die of a type of breathing impairment known as

Positional asphyxia

Extremely agitated or psychotic behavior

Excited delirium

``` disease caused by a genetic defect in a patient’s hemoglobin is called: A. sickle cell disease. B. coagulopathy. C. anemia. D. hemophilia. ```

Renal patients whose blood is filtered through a specialized machine are undergoing:

Hemodialysis

The vibration that can be felt by the E M T when a patient’s A-V fistula is gently palpated is called:

Thrill

``` End stage renal patients who miss their dialysis treatments are at high risk for: A. acute C O P D. B. cardiac arrest. C. acute bronchoconstriction. D. cardiac tamponade. ```

liquid part of the blood that transports nutrients.

Plasma

E S R D patients who miss a dialysis treatment may have symptoms very similar to

CHF

Most commonly transported organ

Kidney

Sickle cell patients are at higher risk of having | the destroyed by the disease.

Spleen

Common age of sickle cell anemia

30s and 40s

Common potassium levels for

3-3.5

UTI most common in

Elderly female

UTI caused by __ can result in

Bacteria, pylonephritis

Kidney stone pain is __ and made of __

Retropareitemal Calcium

Renal failure Results from shock or toxic ingestion

Acute

Renal failure inherited or secondary to damage from uncontrolled diabetes or hypertension

Chronic

What percent recieve hemodialysis

Special fluid infused into abdominal cavity to absorb waste

Peritoneal dialysis

Gravity exchange process repeated several times a day

CAPD

Machine used to fill and empty abdominal cavity while person sleeps

CCPD

Exam 3 Flashcards

(384 cards)