Exam 2 Flashcards
(267 cards)
1
Q
WhichofthefollowingisNOTapartofthescenesize-up?
A.Determiningthemechanismofinjury
B. Determiningthenumberof
patients
C. Establishinganairway
D.Takingbodysubstanceisolationprecautions
A
C
2
Q
Scene size up should take place
A
At beginning and throughout the entire call
3
Q
Most important part of patient assessment
A
Chief complaint
4
Q
Vitals are taken when
A
After primary assessment, more thorough in secondary
5
Q
Blood pressure 1 year to puberty
A
80 + 2 x age
6
Q
When the artery expands, blood moves through arteries in waves
A
Pulse
7
Q
Concerned with what during the pulse
A
Rate and quality and rhythm
8
Q
During emergency, it’s not abnormal for pulse rates to temp be between
A
100-140
9
Q
Find __ pulse in patients one and up
A
Radial
10
Q
Infant 1 or younger what kind of pulse
A
Brachial pulse
11
Q
What are the elements of scene size up
A
BSI Scene safety Moi Noi Additional resources Number of patients C spine
12
Q
Whentherearenoapparenthazards,thedangerzoneatthe
sceneofavehiclecollisionshouldextendatleast:
A
50 feet in all directions
13
Q
Whenfuelhasbeenspilledatamotor-vehiclecollision,the
dangerzoneshouldbeextendedatleast:
A
100 ft in all directions
14
Q
When a veichle is on fire
A
At least 100 ft in all directions
15
Q
Check __ when hazardous materials involved
A
Emergency response guidebook
16
Q
When wires are down…
A
1 full span of wires away from poles
17
Q
Age 65 is considered
A
Geriatric
18
Q
Biggest threat of violence is
A
Domestic violence
19
Q
BSI stands for
A
Body substance isolation
20
Q
Forces that may have caused injury
A
Mechanism of injury
21
Q
Always assess from
A
Head to toe
22
Q
If a patient is critical or unresponsive in a roll over collisions
A
Put c collar on outside
23
Q
A fall or an adult is
A
More than 20 feet or 3x height
24
Q
A fall for Children under 15
A
More than 10 feet or 3x child’s height
25
Injury causes by an object that passes through the skin of other body tissues
Penetrating trauma
26
In penetrating trauma, the injury is classified by
The velocity of the item that caused the injury
27
Low velocity injuries are
Knife, bat, stick
28
Pressure related damage
Cavitation
29
Damage directly from a projectile
Medium/high velocity injuries (guns)
30
Injury caused by a blow that strikes the body but penetrate skin or other tissues
Blunt force trauma
31
Signs are often subtle and can be overlooked in a
Blunt force trauma
32
```
In every motor vehicle accident there are actually how many collisions?
A. Two
B. Three
C. Four
D. Five
```
B
33
During scene size-up at a multiple-vehicle crash, it is important
to determine the number of
patients because:
A.additional E M S resources
may have to be called if there are more patients than the
first crew on the scene can
handle.
B.run reports are required for each patient
C. Als must be called if there are more than two patients.
D. the media must be given
accurate information.
A
34
Responsible for overall coordination of activities
Incident commander
35
If hazardous material is known, seek advice from
CHEMTREC through commander
36
Park __ from wreckage if hazardous materials
Upwind
37
During a shooting, while police clear the scene you should
Stage somewhere
38
When breathing, you take in __ but __ is dead space
500, 150
39
exists around the wreckage of
every vehicle collision, within
which special safety precautions must be taken.
Danger zone
40
5.During scene size-up the E M T must maintain a high ___________________
___________________ ___________________ based on the mechanism of
injury.
Index of suspicion
41
7.With a medical patient,
finding out what is or may be wrong with the patient is
called identifying the ___________________
NOI
42
In a head on collision, type of injuries can be
Head to toe
43
In rear end collision, injury can be
Head, neck, chest
44
In side impact collision, injury can be
Head, neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis, thighs
45
The portion of the assessment that is designed to identify and treat immediately
lifethreatening conditions is
called the:
Primary assessment
46
Actions taken to correct or manage a patients problems are
Interventions
47
When an EMT feels that a patient doesn’t Look right, this is
Clinical judgment
48
In any patient with suspected spinal injury, an E M T should
apply
manual stabilization:
Right on first contact with patient
49
If a patient is not alert and is breathing less
than 8 breaths a minute, the E M T should:
A. begin mouth-to-mouth ventilations.
B. give high-concentration oxygen via a nonrebreather mask.
C. ventilate with a positive
pressure device and 100
percent oxygen
C
50
Poor circulation in skin is
Clammy
51
Assessment more reliable for children than taking the BP
Capillary refill (no more than 2 seconds)
52
Respiratory problem =
High priority
53
When checking mental status use
AVPU
54
Reason EMS was called is the
Chief complaint
55
ABCS stand for
Airway, breathing, circulation
56
If patient appears lifeless, no pulse than what is the order of ABC
CAB
57
If CPR and bleeding control aren’t required, then
Administer oxygen
58
Always suction before
Ventilation
59
Steps of primary assessment
Forming gene to impression
Assess mental status (AVPU) and stabilize head or neck
assess ABCs
Determine patient priority
60
Assess the ____ in breathing
Rate quality depth
61
What determines mental status for A and O
Person place time
62
Breathing in what percent of oxygen
21
63
The pediatric triangle includes
Appearance, circulation, breathing
64
Gets a feel about patients condition from environment observations and first look at patients, identities critical patients
The look test
65
What is the sign for chest pain
Levine sign
66
What kind of approach is best when treating patients
Systematic
67
With circulation, assess the
Skin, pulse, bleeding
68
When should you initiate priority transport
Life threat problems can’t be controlled and declined responsiveness
69
To check the mental status for an infant
Shout and flick feet
70
If there is trauma in the airway vs medical
Jaw thrust, head tilt chin lift
71
For breathing, if in respiratory arrest
Rescue breaths
72
If depressed mental status and inadequate breathing
Give positive pressure ventilations with 100% O2
73
If a patient if in cardiac arrest
CPR
74
The rating on the A V P U scale that indicates the most serious mental status is
___________________ .
U
75
If a patient is alert and his breathing rate is more than 24 breaths per minute,
provide 100 percent oxygen by ___________________ ___________________ .
Nonrebreather mask
76
In child and infant trauma patients, the airway is opened by moving the head shoto
a ___________________ .
Neutral
77
If a patient is not alert and her breathing rate is slower than 8 breaths per minute,
provide ___________________ -___________________ ____________
High pressure ventilations
78
Signs that can indicate shock
Anxiety, pale, clammy, high heart rate, low blood pressure
79
How to treat shock
Supine, warmth, give oxyegn
80
```
An EMT should be most concerned with a pulse rate maintained above:
A. 60 beats per minute.
B. 80 beats per minute.
C. 100 beats per minute.
D. 120 beats per minute.
```
D
81
In case of shock or later stages of blood loss, an E M T would
expect the pulse to be:
Rapid and thready
82
```
If an E M T has trouble finding the radial pulse on a conscious
patient, he should first:
A. try the other side of the same wrist.
B. press more gently.
C. use the thumb to palpate the pulse.
D. try the wrist on the other arm.
```
D
83
A person is considered febrile if he has a temperature greater than
101.3
84
If pulse is above __ or above. __ or below __
150, 120, 50
85
Excessive pressure on the carotid can
Slow heart
86
If pulse isn’t normal, take the pulse for
60 seconds
87
In cases of children and infants, an EMT can expect to find the highest normal respiration rates in a(n): A. adolescent. B. preschooler. C. 9-month-old infant. D. newborn.
D
88
If you can’t find a pulse and patient is talking to you…
Ventricular assist device
89
Propels blood continuously and not in waves, no change in pressure
Ventricular assist device
90
When checking pupils look for
Size equality and reactivity
91
With head injuries, pupils are
Unequal
92
When deflating the cuff of a sphygmomanometer, the “systolic”
blood pressure is the:
1st sound
93
Normal pulse oxygen
94-99
94
Respiration concerned with
Rate and quality
95
Adults respiratory rate
12-20
96
Slight movement of chest or abdomen
Shallow
97
Crowing breathing means
Prompt transport
98
If snoring….
Open airway
99
For unstable patients, EMT should take vitals
Every 5 mins
100
Normal blood glucose level
70-100 mg/dL
101
Constricted blood vessels results in what color skin
Pale
102
Pale skin indicates
Blood loss, shock, bad circulation
103
Flushed skin indicates
Heat, excited
104
To determine temperature
Feel the patients forehead with back of hand
105
If the patient is cold on the skin, place had in the
Abdomen
106
Cap refill in patients
Under 6
107
Force of blood against Walls of vessels
BP
108
The __ contracts and forces blood out
Left ventricle
109
Pressure when heart contracts and forces blood into arteries
Systolic
110
An E M T should be concerned with an adult patient with a respiratory rate above
___________________ breaths per minute or below ___________________ breaths per
minute.
24, 10
111
Goose pimples” or “goose bumps” are associated with exposure to
___________________ , ___________________ , or ___________________ .
Cold, pain, fear
112
Taking blood pressure by use of the fingertips is known as ___________________ .
Palpitation
113
A person with a pulse oximetry level less than is considered to
be in severe hypoxia.
85
114
Capnography measures
End total carbon dioxide
115
Normal or abnormal character of breathing
Respiratory quality
116
Dilated pupils with
Blood loss
117
101 degrees patient inside
Infection
118
93 degrees patient in cool environment
Hypothermia
119
Remaining in arteries when left ventricle relaxes and refills
Diastolic
120
At birth the blood pressure is
50-70
121
121-139 or 81-89 blood pressure is
Pre hypertension
122
BP of 140 or greater and 90 or greater is
Hypertension
123
Measure blood pressure three ways
Auscultation, palpating, blood pressure monitor
124
In palpating for BP you only get
Systolic number
125
If the cuff is too small for BP,
The BP is higher
126
Listen and inflate BP cuff until gauge reads
30 mmHg higher than the point where pulse disappeared
127
What sound is dull, systolic or diastolic
Diastolic
128
Release valve on BP at what rate
5-10 mm per sec
129
Difficult to obtain bp on children younger than
3
130
The temperature should be greater than
96.8
131
Older people have __ temps than young people
Lower
132
Mild hypoxia o2 reading
91-95
133
Significant hypoxia o2 reading
86-90
134
Severe hypoxia treatment
non rebreather mask at 15 lpm
135
What binds with hemoglobin in the blood
CO
136
Smokers will have __ of hemoglobin bound to CO
10-15%
137
To measure capnography the two methods are
Patient breathing spontaneously has special nasal cannula, in vented patient a plastic collar fits between bag valve and mask
138
Pediatric patient can be delayed how many seconds for pulse oxygen
90
139
```
Which of the following would be included in the secondary
assessment of a patient?
A. Determine responsiveness.
B. Assess history of present illness.
C. Determine chief complaint.
D. Assess the airway.
```
B
140
The patient’s statement, “I feel like I just can’t get enough air
when I breathe” best relates to what letter of the S A M P L E
mnemonic?
A. S
B. L
C. M
D. P
S
141
the sound or feel of broken bones rubbing.
Crepitation
142
You are using the mnemonic S A M P L E to obtain the patient history. What question would be included in the “P” part of the history?
______
______
A. Are you allergic to any medications? B. What sequence of events led to today’s problem? C. When did you last eat or drink? D. Have you had surgery recently?
D
143
Begin the assessment of infants and small children at the:
| A. head. B. fingertips. C. toes. D. abdomen.
C
144
Difficulty breathing while lying down is called:
Orthopnea
145
```
Shock may be indicated by:
A. wheezing.
B. high oxygen saturation.
C. hypertension.
D. narrowing pulse pressure.
```
D
146
When obtaining the patient’s history related to the nervous
system, you should determine the patient’s:
A. normal state of mental functioning.
B. peripheral sensation and movement.
C. extremity strength.
D. blood glucose level.
A
147
By obtaining the patient’s blood glucose level, you are
| assessing the:
Endocrine system
148
An analytical process that can help the E M T think through a
problem in an organized and efficient manner is:
Critical thinking
149
After assessing a patient, the E M T should develop a list of
potential diagnoses. This list is called the:
Differential diagnosis
150
Your previous patient had difficulty breathing because of pulmonary edema related to heart failure, so when you encounter another patient with difficulty breathing, you assume
the patient has pulmonary edema. This is an example of:
Availability
151
When you assess areas of the patient’s body, you will evaluate them in three main
ways: ___________________ , ___________________ , and ___________________ .
Observation, inspection, auscultation
152
Try to ask what kind of questions
Open ended
153
When gathering a respiratory history, ask if the patient has ___________________
___________________ ___________________ , or trouble breathing after exercise.
Dyspnea on exertion
154
You can check for stroke using the ___________
CPSS or Fast
155
If an E M T assumes that one thing causes another in a patient’s condition, when, in
fact, the two issues are unrelated, this may be due to ___________________
___________________ .
Illusionary correlation
156
As an E M T, you should learn to love ___________________ because you will frequently go out into unknown situations armed with limited education and experience.
Ambiguity
157
Patients history has two components
HPI, PMH
158
Memory aid used to develop info pertaining to chief complaint and history of present illness
OPQRST
159
OPQRST
```
onset
Provocation
Quality
Region or radiation
Severity
Time
```
160
What were you doing when pain began
O
161
Does anything trigger the pain
Provocation
162
Can you describe the pain or problem
Quality
163
Where’s the pain, does it spread
Region radiation
164
How bad is the pain or problem on a scale of 1-10
Severity
165
Has anything changed since the pain started
Time
166
Memory aid to learn about medical history
SAMPLE
167
Sample
```
Signs and symptoms
Allergies
Medications
Pertinent medical history
Last oral intake
Events Leading up to injury or illness
```
168
3 techniques for physical exam
Observe, palpate, auscultation
169
the body system exam, focused into the
Secondary assessment
170
If it hurts a patient to take a deep breath the body system most effected is
Musculoskeletal
171
Jugular vein distinction is an indicator of
Heart failure
172
To examine the nervous system, see if the patient is walking to examine __. Be sure to __ all extremities
Gait, squeeze
173
Most common emergency with a diabetic in what system
Endocrine
174
In the GI system, ___ the abdominal quadrants
Palpate
175
Common body system assessment for the immune system
Anaphylaxis (gives and wheezing)
176
What body system exam is performed as a trauma exam
Musculoskeletal
177
Cincinnati stroke scale measures
Face dropping, palms up and closed eyes, grip strength, speech
178
Need __ stroke symptom to be considered to be having a stroke
1
179
Insulin gets the
Glucose in the cell
180
FAST stands for
Face dropping, arm weakness, speech, time
181
Heart of the pattern recognition, when you encounter patient with a certain group of signs/symptoms that resemble condition
Representativeness
182
Urge to think of things because more readily available, how common a condition is
Availability
183
Be skeptical about instances that appear to be a cause
Illusionary correlation
184
EMT considers a condition to be likely and later thinking is anchored to hypothesis
Anchoring and adjustment
185
Looking for a cause of problems
Search satisfying
186
3 categories of patients
Medical, trauma, unknown
187
Components of secondary assessment
Physical examination
Patient history
Vital signs
188
Something you can see
Sign
189
Something a patient tells you
Symptom
190
For a medical patient secondary assessment, if they are response…
Patient history
Brief physical exam from chief compliant
Vitals
191
For a medical patient secondary assessment if they are unresponsive…
Rapid Physical exam
| Baseline vitals
192
The rapid physical exam should take about
60-90 seconds
193
After the rapid trauma assessment, the more thorough
assessment that an E M T performs is the:
A. focused physical exam.
B. primary assessment.
C. detailed physical exam.
D. scene survey.
C
194
The decision to do a rapid trauma assessment is based on:
A.information obtained from the SAMPLE history
B. the number of patients.
C. mechanism or injury.
D. vital signs being outside normal limits.
C
195
The physical examination of the responsive medical patient is a:
A. detailed head-to-toe exam.
B. specialized exam that is focused on the A B C s.
C. rapid physical examination.
D. focused exam centered on the area of complaint
D
196
Flat neck veins in a patient who is lying flat
| indicate:
Blood loss
197
Paradoxical motion is most commonly associated with:
Chest injury
198
The assessment procedure usually performed
| on seriously injured or ill patients en route to the hospital is the:
Detailed physical exam
199
Most important time to check patients pupils is when the eyes are
Closed
200
History taking is MOST extensive for which type of patient?
Responsive medical patient
201
Before applying a cervical collar, you must:
Care for all life threats
202
Bruising
Contusion
203
The first step of the focused history and physical exam for a trauma patient with a
minor injury is to reconsider the ___________________ ___________________
MOI
204
The acronym E M T s can use to remember the types of injuries to look for is
DCAP -BTLS
205
good time to slide in a backboard under the patient is when you are assessing the
___________________ ___________________ .
Posterior body
206
MOI for adult: intrusion is __ on occupant side or __ to any site
>12 or >18
207
MOI for adults: motorcycle crash greater than
20 mph
208
If there is any medical change, reassess the
ABCs
209
For a trauma patient with low priority….
```
Determine chief complaint
Patient history (nature of force, strength)
Physical exam (observation, palpitation, auscultation)
DCAP BTLS
```
210
Observe abnormalities in
Symmetry, color, shape, movement
211
Palpate for abnormalities
Shape, temp, texture, sensation
212
Trauma patient with high priority…
C spine
ALS
rapid trauma assessment at scene
213
It is normal for veins to __ when laying down
Budge
214
Movement of chest in opposite direction or the rest of chest
Paradoxical motion
215
Look for breath sounds in the
Midclavicular and axillary lines
216
A pulsating mass in the abdomen means
Enlarged aorta
217
Erection of penis from injury of spinal cord
Priapism
218
In a pediatric exam, don’t apply pressure to the
Fontanelles (sunken is dehydrated, bulging is head trauma )
219
Larger pediatric heads increase the chance of
Spinal cord injury
220
What pediatric organs more suspected for trauma in abdomen
Spleen or liver
221
The physical exam for a responsive medical
patient will include a
rapid assessment of the entire body.
True or false
False
222
The physical exam of an unresponsive medical
patient will be similar to the head-to toe physical exam for a trauma patient.
______
True
223
```
The only thing that should prevent an E M T from performing the
reassessment of a patient is:
A. police orders.
B. life-saving interventions.
C. delayed transport.
D. initial vital signs that are normal.
```
B
224
Reassessment is a means of determining:
Trending
225
During the reassessment, attempt to look at a patient as if you had never seen the patient before when checking:
Interventions
226
Just how often to conduct the reassessment is
determined by
the:
Patients condition
227
An appropriate painful stimulus to use when
checking the mental status of an unresponsive child or infant
is:
Flicking feet
228
During the ___________________ , you will repeat
key elements of assessment procedures you
have already performed.
Reassessment
229
Changes such as loss of consciousness, anxiety, or sweating may indicate a change
in ___________________ .
Circulation
230
Steps of reassessment
Primary assessment
Vitals
Repeat pertinent parts of secondary exam
Check interventions
231
2 way radios at a fixed site
Base station
232
Mobile radios have a
10-15 mile range
233
Devices used when transmissions must be carried over long distances
Repeaters
234
Transmits through air not wires
Cell phones
235
Sending and receiving data wirelessly (ECG, vitals)
Telemetry
236
Radio communication is regulated by the
FCC
237
The federal agency that assigns and licenses radio frequencies used by E M S units is the:
FCC
238
The federal agency that assigns and licenses radio frequencies
used by E M S units is the:
FCC
239
Speak with lips on radio
2-3 inches from mic
240
```
All of the following patient data should be included in a radio
medical report EXCEPT:
A. name and address.
B. age and sex.
C. mental status.
D. chief complaint.
```
A
241
```
The part of the patient’s history that an E M T must report in the
patient’s own words is the:
A. chief complaint (C C).
B. past medical history (P M H).
C. estimated time of arrival (E T A).
D. history of present illness (H P I).
```
A
242
Discussions between an E M T and a patient are known as:
Interpersonal communication
243
```
The two-way radio at a hospital or dispatch center is known as a:
A. mobile radio.
B. repeater.
C. digital radio.
D. base station.
```
D
244
A prehospital care report can become all of the following EXCEPT:
A. evidence in a legal case.
B. part of the hospital’s permanent records.
C. data in a research project.
D. private property controlled by the patient.
D
245
A system in which calls are routinely reviewed for conformity to
current medical and organizational standards is called:
QI
246
The federal agency that has developed a list of minimum elements to be included in all prehospital care reports is the:
NHTSA
247
```
An E M T would record the time in which an emergency unit left on a call in the:
A. patient data section.
B. narrative section.
C. check boxes section.
D. run data section.
```
D
248
All of the following are included in the patient data section of a prehospital care report EXCEPT: A. charges to the patient. B. patient’s name and address. C. patient’s weight. D. patient’s date of birth.
A
249
```
All the following can be found in a well-written narrative EXCEPT:
A. pertinent negatives.
B. radio codes.
C. specialized medical terminology.
D. standardized abbreviations.
```
B
250
Actions performed on a patient that are wrong and improper
| are known as:
Errors of commissions
251
```
Incorrect information in a prehospital care report should be:
A. erased.
B. crossed out completely.
C. corrected in different-colored ink.
D. left unchanged.
```
C
252
Elements in a verbal report
Chief complaint
History not given previously
Treatment given
Additional vitals en route taken
253
Learned by experience
Therapeutic communication
254
Abbreviated containing minimum data
Drop transfer report
255
Observable, measurable, verifiable are….
Objective
256
Subject to interpretation or opinion
Subjective
257
Physical exam doesn’t take place before transport unless
Transport is delayed
258
The three key links in E M S radio communications are the dispatchers, ___________________
___________________ , and the hospitals.
Mobile units
259
The one item that should never be found in the 12 parts of a radio medical report is
the patient’s ___________________ .
Name
260
statements reflect an individual’s point of view.
Subjective
261
The failure to document errors of omission and commission is an example of
Falsification
262
In a multiple-casualty incident (M C I), patient information is often passed through the
system in the form of ___________________ ___________________ .
Triage tags
263
The “three R s” of E M S communication are
Radio, report, record
264
Two sections of PCR
Run data and patient information
265
Questions to ask about breathing in ABCs
Is it adequate
| Do they need oxygen
266
In an MOI, assess
Rapid trauma assessment
267
In an NOI, assess
Focused assessment
Vitals
Sample
Opqrst
