chem 3

Question 1

Determine two electron-donating (ED) substituents for arenes:
1.-NO₂
2.-OH
3.-COOH
4.-NH₂

Answer 1

2.-OH
4.-NH₂

Question 2

Specify three electron-withdrawing (EA) substituents for arenes:
1.-NO₂
2.-COOH
3.-OH
4.-SO₃H

Answer 2

1.-NO₂
2.-COOH
4.-SO₃H

Question 3

Specify two functional groups that exhibit a positive inductive effect:
1.-CH₃
2.-Cl
3.-NH₂
4.-C₂H₅

Answer 3

1.-CH₃
4.-C₂H₅

Question 4

Determine the mesomeric effects of the following substituents:
1.–NO₂
2.–CH₃
3.–OH
4.–COOH
A. Electron-acceptorB. Electron-donor

Answer 4

2.–CH₃ –b
3.–OH –b
1.–NO₂ –a
4.–COOH –a

Question 5

Determine the mesomeric effect of the following substituents:
1.–OH
2.–Cl
3.–SO₃H
4.–COOH
A. Positive mesomeric effectB. Negative mesomeric effect

Answer 5

1.–OH –a
2.–Cl –a
3.–SO₃H –b
4.–COOH –b

Question 6

Specify two functional groups that exhibit a positive mesomeric effect:
1.–OH
2.–Br
3.–NO₂
4.–SO₃H

Answer 6

1.–OH
2.–Br