chem test 3

Question 1

esterification

Answer 1

carboxylic acid + alcohol –> ester + water

Question 2

esterification catalyst

Answer 2

acid and heat

Question 3

acid hydrolysis of esters

Answer 3

ester + water –> carboxylic acid + alcohol

Question 4

how are carboxylic acids produced?

Answer 4

primary alcohols –> aldehydes –> carboxylic acids

Question 5

catalyst for acid hydrolysis of esters

Answer 5

acid and heat

Question 6

catalyst for saponification

Answer 6

heat only

Question 7

is base hydrolysis of esters reversible?

Answer 7

no

Question 8

are carboxylic acids polar or non polar?

Answer 8

strongly polar

Question 9

where are the polar groups on carboxylic acids?

Answer 9

OH (hydroxyl group) and carbonyl group

Question 10

is Oxygen partial positive or partial negative?

Answer 10

negative

Question 11

why do carboxylic acids have higher boiling point than aldehydes, alcohols, and ketones?

Answer 11

Hydrogen bonding and dimers

Question 12

are carboxylic acids soluble in water?

Answer 12

only 1-5 carbons soluble in water

Question 13

carboxylic acid solubility pattern

Answer 13

less soluble as the number of carbons increases

Question 14

carboxylic acids are __ acids

Answer 14

weak

Question 15

what do carboxylic acids produce when dissociated in water?

Answer 15

carboxylate ions (o- on end) and hydronium ionds (h3o+)

Question 16

carboxylate salts have __ melting points.

Answer 16

high

Question 17

carboxylate ions take part in which cycle?

Answer 17

citric acid

Question 18

what medicine was produced from carboxylic acids that were turned into an ester?

Answer 18

aspirin

Question 19

do esters hydrogen bond?

Answer 19

no

Question 20

when are esters soluble?

Answer 20

when they have 2-5 carbons

Question 21

carboxylic acids are neutralized by ___

Answer 21

strong bases to form carboxylate salts

Question 22

amines come from ___

Answer 22

ammonia NH3

Question 23

what kind of bonds do amines form?

Answer 23

N-H hydrogen bonds with eachother and with water

Question 24

what tertiary amines form hydrogen bonds with?

Answer 24

only water

Question 25

which hydrogen bond is stronger: amines or alcohols?

Answer 25

alcohols

Question 26

are amines soluble in water?

Answer 26

1-6 carbon amines only

Question 27

what happens to hydrogen bonding in amines when the number of carbons increases?

Answer 27

hydrogen bonding is weakened

Question 28

1^ and 2^ amines act as what kind of base?

Answer 28

bronsted lowry

Question 29

amines accept hydrogens to form what kind of ion?

Answer 29

ammonium and hydroxide ion

Question 30

how do amine salts form?

Answer 30

neutralized by acid

Question 31

neutralization of amines

Answer 31

amine base + acid --> ammonium salt

Question 32

common drugs with ammonium salts (3)

Answer 32

1. Sudafed - epinephrine - bronchodilator 2. Benadryl 3. Cocaine

Question 33

is tylenol and amide or amine?

Answer 33

amide

Question 34

what is an amide?

Answer 34

nitrogen group replaces OH group in carboxylic acid

Question 35

another name for amididation

Answer 35

condensation

Question 36

amididation

Answer 36

carboxylic acid + ammonia or amine --> amide + h2o

Question 37

which amide is a liquid at room temperature?

Answer 37

methanamide

Question 38

which amide group has highest point poing?

Answer 38

NH2 because most hydrogen bonding

Question 39

are amides soluble in water?

Answer 39

yes 1-5C only

Question 40

can tertiary amides form hydrogen bonds?

Answer 40

yes only with water

Question 41

what amide is the end product of protein metabolism in the body?

Answer 41

urea

Question 42

what cyclic amide makes a sedative drug?

Answer 42

barbituates

Question 43

what does acid hydrolysis of amides produce?

Answer 43

carboxylic acid + ammonium salt

Question 44

what does base hydrolysis of amides produce?

Answer 44

carboxylate salt + amine