chem test 4

Question 1

in the body, fatty acids are stored as _____

Answer 1

triacylglycerols

Question 2

3 common roles of proteins:

Answer 2

1. structure (hair, muscles, nails, cartilage)
2. function as enzymes to regulate reactions (digestion + cellular metabolism)
3. transport oxygen in the blood via. hemoglobin and myoglobil

Question 3

what is the central carbon of an amino acid called?

Answer 3

a carbon

Question 4

what are the two groups of the amino acid

Answer 4

ammonium and carboxylate group

Question 5

what kind of bond is a peptide bond?

Answer 5

amide bond

Question 6

the peptide forms between the coo- and the ___ of another amino acid

Answer 6

h3N +

Question 7

a protein is a polypeptide with _____ amino acids

Answer 7

50 or more

Question 8

enzymes are biological catalysts that :

Answer 8

• inc. rate of reaction by changing how reaction takes place
• enzymes are not changed in process of reaction
• lower activation energy

Question 9

enzyme + substrate forms

Answer 9

enzyme-substrate compex

Question 10

what does the ES provide?

Answer 10

• alt. pathway for reaction
• lower activation energy

Question 11

____ catalyzes to form the enzyme-product complex

Answer 11

amino acid R groups

Question 12

amino acid R groups catalyze to form ____

Answer 12

enzyme-product complex

Question 13

two types of enzyme action

Answer 13

• lock and key
• induced fit

Question 14

oxidase

Answer 14

catalyzes oxidation of a substrate

Question 15

dehydrogenase

Answer 15

catalyzes removal or addition of two H atoms and uses a coenzyme

Question 16

transaminase

Answer 16

transfer of amino group from one substrate to another

Question 17

kinase

Answer 17

transfer of phosphate groups from one substrate to another

Question 18

protease

Answer 18

hydrolysis of peptide bonds in proteins

Question 19

lipase

Answer 19

hydrolysis of ester bonds in lipids

Question 20

nuclease

Answer 20

hydrolysis of phosphate ester bonds in nucleid acids

Question 21

decarboxylase

Answer 21

removal of CO2 from a substrate

Question 22

deaminase

Answer 22

removal of NH3 from a from a substrate

Question 23

dehydratase

Answer 23

removal of H2O from a substrate

Question 24

hydratase

Answer 24

addition of H2O to a substrate

Question 25

isomerase

Answer 25

rearrangement reactions

Question 26

epimerase

Answer 26

rearrangements of carbohydrates

Question 27

synthetase

Answer 27

formation of bond between two substrates using ATP

Question 28

carboxylase

Answer 28

formation of bond between CO2 and substrate using ATP