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lab test 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

exoenzyme

A

outside cell

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2
Q

where is endoenzyme substrate?

A

inside cell

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3
Q

which enzymes are classified as hydrolytic reactions?

A

exoenzymes

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4
Q

subtrates of exoenzymes are soluble or insoluble

A

insoluble which causes watery medium to have an opaque appearance

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5
Q

exoenzyme subtrates (4)

A
  • large
  • polymer
  • macromolecule
  • insoluble
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6
Q

exoenzyme end products (3)

A
  • small
  • monomer
  • soluble
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7
Q

what substances are present in the clear area around a streak of growth on a lipid plate? explain.

A

lipid hydrolysis took place and what is left on the clear area is the fatty acids, glycerols, and lipase enzymes.

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8
Q

would production of an endospore be catalyzed by an exo or endoenzymes?

A

endoenzymes because enzymes working inside of the cell create the spore

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9
Q

what does fermentation alwasy produce?

A

small, two or three carbon acids

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10
Q

what does fermentation sometimes produce?

A
  • 2-3 carbon alcohols
  • CO2 gas
  • H2 gas
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11
Q

which group for which patterns of sugar fermentation is most useful to test?

A

facultative organisms - they ferment some sugars but not all since they also do respiration

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12
Q

what does the Durham tube do?

A

capture any CO2 gas produced during fermentation

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13
Q

what are the three sugars used to identify facultative enterics?

A

glucose, lactose, sucrose

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14
Q

what carbohydrate fermentation result would be labeled with A?

A

acid with no gad

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15
Q

what carbohydrate fermentation result would be labeled with AG?

A

acid with gas in Durham tube

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16
Q

staph will always be catalase ____

A

positive

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17
Q

strept will always be catalase ____

A

negative

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18
Q

what does MRSA stand for?

A

methicillin resistant staph. aureus

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19
Q

what does VRSA stand for?

A

vancomycin resistant staph. aureus

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20
Q

what does it mean for a bacteria to be hemolytic?

A

they rupture RBCs to eat the contents inside them

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21
Q

what commonly used bacteria in lab is hemolytic?

A

staph. aureus

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22
Q

strep is gram (?)

A

positive

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23
Q

what selective medium would you use if you suspect an organism is staph after a positive catalase test?

A

mannitol salt agar

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24
Q

what sugar do most pathogenic strains of staph. aureas ferment?

A

mannitol

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25
how will the pH indicatior show positive mannitol fermentation?
change from red to yellow
26
what sets micrococcus apart from staph?
it has bright yellow colonies
27
what is the most definitive test for staph.a?
coagulase
28
why is mannitol fermentation not a definitive test for staph. aureus?
bc it is not the only bacteria that can ferment mannitol
29
which strep is the causative agent of strep throat?
pyogenes
30
if a catalase test is negative than it may be...
a gram pos. streptococcus
31
what does gamma hemolysis look like?
nothing changed
32
Lancefield group A:
- strep. pyogenes - clear around A disk
33
Lancefield group B:
- strep. that colonizes vagina - risk of spreading meningitis to newborns
34
Lancefield group D:
- strep pneumoniae - clear around P disk
35
what is the clearing around drug disk called?
zone of inhibition
36
microaerophiles prefer...
- dec. in O2 - inc. in CO2
37
what are the red patches at the back of your throat when you have strep?
breakdown of red blood cells (hemolysis)
38
what are the white patches at the back of your throat when you have strep?
strep bacteria
39
how can the cytochrome oxidase test be useful if most bacteria have this enzyme anyways?
can be definitive if an organism lacks this enzyme
40
oxidase containing organisms are classified as ___?
aerobes
41
how do anaerobes remove hydrogen and and electrons frim carriers?
fermentation
42
what does SIM stand for?
sulfure indole motility
43
what does the SIM test detect?
- motility - indole production - H2S production
44
what kind of organism is the SIM test most useful for?
gram negative enteric rods
45
Interpret the SIM result: cloudiness throughout
- motile - (-) for H2S production
46
Interpret the SIM result: black throughout
- motile - (+) for H2S production
47
Interpret the SIM result: cloudiness along stab line
- non-motile - (-) for H2S production
48
Interpret the SIM result: black along stab line
- non-motile - (+) for H2S production
49
what does H2S react with to make black precipitate?
Fe
50
enzyme that breaks down tryptophan:
tryptophanase
51
end product of tryptophanase:
- indole - pyruvate - ammonia
52
how much glucose in TSIA?
~0.1%
53
how much lactose in TSIA?
~1.0%
54
how much sucrose in TSIA?
~1.0%
55
TSIA is used to differentiatie which kind of organisms?
facultative
56
where does respiration occur in TSIA?
slant portion only
57
what does glucose fermentation only look like in the tube?
red top yellow butt
58
what dye is used for the pH indicatior in TSIA?
phenol red
59
what does it look like if the organism ferments glucose + another sugar?
all yellow
60
what if the organism does not ferment sugar at all?
red top orange butt
61
which of the five reactions tested in TSIA would be undetectable if the glucose concentration was 1.0%?
- glucose only fermenters would be undetectable - whole slant would be yellow
62
what are the five TSIA reactions?
- glucose fermentation - multiple sugar fermentation - CO2 production - H2S production - aerobic (respiration) + protein metabolism
63
what does IMViC stand for?
Indole Methyl red Voges-proskauer Citrate
64
selective media
media that has toxins or dyes that inhibit the growth of some organisms but support the growth of others
65
enriched media
media supplemented with blood or other nutrients to allow growth of organisms that cannot grow on generic media
66
differential media
differentiates between dif types of organisms based on growth or color changes - Ex. on EMB lactose fermenters are dark purple or metallic green
67
E.Coli IMViC results
++--
68
order of IMViC results
indole test, methyl red, voges-proskauer, citrate
69
enterobacter IMViC results
--++
70
name for organisms that split glucose into pyruvate and ferment pyruvate into different acids
mixed acid fermenters
71
what pH do mixed acid fermenters produce and what does that result look like in a tube?
4.0 - red
72
what is unique about simmons citrate medium?
contains only INORGANIC nutrients such as NO3 and SO4
73
what is the only organic molecule in a citrate test?
citrate - so if an organism does not have citrase it cannot use it
74
what happens when CO2 combines with excess sodium in citrate test?
makes Na2CO3 which is basic
75
what is the pH indicator used in the citrate test?
brothymol blue

Prerequisites (8 decks)

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