Chemistry - Atomic structure and Chemical bonding Flashcards
(27 cards)
What number of sub-atomic particles never changes in the same element
Protons
Isotopes
Different atomic forms of elements which are chemically identical, but have different numbers of neutrons
Relative atomic mass
The average mass of an element’s atoms compared to 1/12 of Carbon
Ion
An atom that gained or lost an electron
What are all atoms trying to become (hint: shells)
Stable - by getting a full outer shell
Positive ion e.g. 3+
more protons than electrons
Negative ion e.g. 2-
more electrons than protons
What do all compounds need to be? (hint: charges)
Neutral, so Mg2+ Cl- should be MgCl2 ygm
Bonding
Sharing or transferring of electrons in order to make an atom more stable
Molecule
A group of atoms joined by covalent bonds
Name where the protons and neutrons are in an atom
Nucleus
What is the shell pattern for the first 20 elements
2,8,8,2
When is it called Ionic bonding
Metals + non metals
When is is called covalent bonding
non-metals + non-metals (when they SHARE electrons)
Do metals gain or lose electrons?
lose
Do non-metals gain or lose electrons?
gain
Ionic pattern?
+, 2+, 3+, , 3-, 2-, -, ,
Why do ionic lattices have very high boiling points and melting points?
Lots of strong electrostatic forces that need A LOT of energy to break
How do ionic lattices look?
+ |||| - |||| +
- |||| + |||| -
+ |||| - |||| +
Why can’t ionic lattices conduct electricity when a solid?
as the particles cannot move as they are solid
2 things that are needed to conduct electricity
- Charge particles e.g. electrons
- These particles need to be able to move
Diatomic
Word to describe elements that travel in pairs
What are the two types of structures that are made during covalent bonding?
- Simple molecular
- Giant molecular
What type of covalent bond are diamonds? And some of their properties
Giant molecular - very hard, high boiling and melting points (melts at ~3500°C), cannot conduct electricity
