Computer Science - Advanced Computer systems Flashcards

(31 cards)

1
Q

Solid State

A

no moving parts

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2
Q

CPU

A

Central processing unit

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3
Q

What does the CPU do?

A
  1. Carries out processing by executing instruction
  2. Processes mathematical and logical data
  3. Retrieves data and instructions from main memory
  4. Stores Data into main memory once executed
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4
Q

What 4 main components do you find in the CPU

A
  1. Registers
  2. Control unit (CU)
  3. Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
  4. Cache memory
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5
Q

What are registers?

A

Very fast memory within the CPU

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6
Q

Name 4 registers

A
  1. Program counter (PC)
  2. Memory Address Register (MAR)
  3. Memory Data Register (MDR)
  4. Accumulator (ACC)
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7
Q

What does the Program counter do?

A

keeps track of the memory address of the next instruction to be executed in a program

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8
Q

What does the MAR do?

A

holds the address of the current instruction that is to be fetched from memory

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9
Q

What does the MDR do?

A

holds the contents found at the RAM address (held in the MAR)

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10
Q

What does the ACC do?

A

store the results of arithmetic and logical operations done in instructions, or values from RAM

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11
Q

What are buses

A

Electrical connectors along which the data is passed to different parts of the computer system (CPU, RAM)

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12
Q

Name 3 buses

A

Data bus, Address bus, control bus

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13
Q

What does the data bus do?

A

transfers data between a memory and CPU, and within the CPU (like ACC, ALU, and MDR)

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14
Q

What does the address bus do?

A

carries memory addresses from the MAR to the RAM

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15
Q

What does the control bus do?

A

transmits control signals from the control unit to coordinate and manage the operations of the CPU and other components (such as RAM

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16
Q

What is the clock in a CPU?

A

A vibrating crystal that sends out signals at a certain frequency, the speed that it does this is called clock speed

17
Q

1MHz = ??

18
Q

Where is the CPU located in a computer system?

A

the motherboard

19
Q

What is cache memory?

A

a form of random access memory that stores recently accessed data in the CPU for quick retrieval

20
Q

What is the FDE cycle?

A

Fetch, decode, execute

21
Q

What does the control unit do?

A

receives and decodes instructions from the MDR, and sends out commands

22
Q

clock speed

A

how fast the clock vibrates - determines the speed of the CPU

23
Q

Define non-volatile

A

retains data when power is shut off

24
Q

Define volatile

A

stores data temporarily, when computer is powered off, it looses it

25
Name memory/storage types that are non-volatile
ROM and any secondary storage, like HDs or SSD
26
How do optical storage devices read and write data?
WRITE: A laser 'burns' the pits into disk READ: A light is shone on the disk, and the direction that light reflects states whether it is a pit (0) or a land (1)
27
How do magnetic storage devices read and write data?
WRITE: A 'head' controls whether parts of the surface of a disk are magnetised (1) or demagnetised (0) READ: A magnetic head senses whether the surface is magnetised or demagnetised
28
How do solid state devices read and write data?
made up of lots of different digital circuits
29
Properties of optical storage devices
Small capacity Easy to damage Good portability
30
Properties of magnetic storage devices
Large capacity Cheap Can be noisy Can overheat
31
Properties of SS storage devices
Medium capacity Expensive Very fast Very Reliable Non-mechanical Silent