Chemistry - Periodic Table

Question 1

What do group numbers represent

Answer 1

Number of electrons in the outer shell

Question 2

What do period numbers represent

Answer 2

How many shells an element has

Question 3

What are the Group 1 metals AKA?

Answer 3

The alkali metals

Question 4

Why are they called the alkali metals

Answer 4

Because when they react with water, they form an alkaline solution

Question 5

Why do G1 metals have to be stored in oil?

Answer 5

As they are so reactive, because they might react with the oxygen

Question 6

Name some properties of a G1 metal

Answer 6

1. They are soft - can be cut with a knife
2. They have a low density
3. Low bp and mp

Question 7

What is the balanced equation for a G1 metal reacting with watet

Answer 7

2 Metals + 2Water ——> 2Metal hydroxide + hydrogen

Question 8

Who was John Dalton, and what did do?

Answer 8

He gave elements symbols

Question 9

What did Joham Döbereiner do that was significant?

Answer 9

grouped elements based on properties into triads

Question 10

who was John Newland and what is he famous for?

Answer 10

Ordered the elements in atomic weight order and into rows of 7 as every 8th element had similar properties, he called these octaves

Question 11

Dmitri Mendeleev - what is he famous for?

Answer 11

He left gaps for undiscovered elements to improve Newlands table. He predicted their properties based on the position in the table correctly

Question 12

What type of reaction would you expect from a G1 metal with water

Answer 12

Floating
Fizzing
Moving around surface of water

Question 13

What does Potassium produce when put into water

Answer 13

a lilac flame

Question 14

What does Sodium do when put into water

Answer 14

melts into a ball

Question 15

Does the reactivity increase or decrease as you go down G1?

Answer 15

Increases

Question 16

Does the mp and bp increase or decrease as you go down G1?

Answer 16

decrease

Question 17

Does the reactivity increase or decrease as you go down G2?

Answer 17

Increases

Question 18

Does the reactivity increase or decrease as you go down G7?

Answer 18

decreases

Question 19

Does the mp and bp increase or decrease as you go down G7?

Answer 19

increases

Question 20

WHY does the mp and bp increase or decrease as you go down G7?

Answer 20

as the atoms get bigger

Question 21

Does the reactivity increase or decrease as you go down G6?

Answer 21

decreases

Question 22

Why do G1 metals increase in reactivity as they get more shells/down the periodic table?

Answer 22

Due to the atoms getting more shells, the distance between the nucleus and the outer shell increases. Meaning the force of attraction between the positive nucleus and the negative outer electron WEAKENS, therefore it is easier to lose the outer electron. Meaning that element is more reactive.

Question 23

Which is more reactive: G1 or G2?

Answer 23

G1

Question 24

Which group are ‘the halogens’?

Answer 24

Group 7

Question 25

What colour vapour does Fluorine have?

Answer 25

yellow

Question 26

What colour vapour does Chlorine have?

Answer 26

Yellow-green

Question 27

What colour vapour does Bromine have?

Answer 27

orange

Question 28

What colour is Bromine in it liquid form?

Answer 28

Red-brown

Question 29

What colour vapour does Iodine have?

Answer 29

purple

Question 30

What colour is Iodine in it solid form?

Answer 30

Dark grey

Question 31

Do halogens exist as diatomic or monatomic?

Answer 31

diatomic

Question 32

Why do G7 elements decrease in reactivity as they get more shells/down the periodic table?

Answer 32

Due to the atoms getting more shells, the distance between the nucleus and the outer shell increases. Meaning the force of attraction between the positive nucleus and the negative outer electron WEAKENS, therefore it is harder to lose the outer electron. Meaning that element is less reactive. Vice versa, if the distance is smaller, the force of attraction is stronger, meaning it is easy to get that last electron, therefore being more reactive.

Question 33

What do G7 elements do? (hint: ionic bonds)

Answer 33

They react with a metal, gaining an electron to complete their outer shell, forming an ion of themselves with a -1 charge

Question 34

What is a displacement reaction?

Answer 34

where a more reactive element replaces a less reactive element, from its compound e.g. Cl2 + 2KBr ----> Br2 + 2KCl Here, chlorine is more reactive than Bromine so Cl takes its place

Question 35

What are the Group 0 elements AKA?

Answer 35

the noble gases

Question 36

Name some properties of noble gases

Answer 36

very stable colourless non-metals monatomic full outer shell

Question 37

Does the mp and bp increase or decrease as you go down G0?

Answer 37

increases