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Chemistry (C4) Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

\What is an acid?

A

A substance that produces H+ ions in aqueous solutions (dissolved in water)
Has a pH of less than 7

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2
Q

What is an alkali?

A

A substance that produces hydroxide ions, OH-(aq), when dissolved in water
A soluble base
Has a pH higher than 7

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3
Q

What is a base?

A

A insoluble substance that reacts with an acid to neutralize it and produce a salt.

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4
Q

Give the pH range of an acid

A

pH 0-6

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5
Q

Give the pH range of an alkali

A

pH 8-14

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6
Q

Give the pH of a neutral solution

A

pH 7

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7
Q

What is the pH scale?

A

A measure if how acidic or alkaline a solution is

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8
Q

What does pH mean?

A

Potential hydrogen

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9
Q

The greater the concentration of H+ ions in
solution, the ____________ the pH.

A

Lower

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10
Q

As the pH of a solution increases by 1, the concentration of hydrogen ions _________ by a factor of _____

A

Decreases, 10

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11
Q

What are universal indicators?

A

Chemicals that change colour to tell you whether a solution is acidic or basic

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12
Q

What is a strong acid?

A

Fully ionises in an aqueous solution to form H+ ions

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13
Q

What is a weak acid?

A

Partially ionises in aqueous solutions to form H+ ions

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14
Q

What does ‘⇌’ mean in a reaction?

A

Partially ionises

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15
Q

What does ‘→’ mean in a reaction?

A

Fully ionises

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16
Q

What is a concentrated acid?

A

A concentrated acid has a large amount of H+ ions volume of water

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17
Q

What is a dilute acid?

A

A dilute acid has a small amount of H+ ions in a given volume of water

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18
Q

What is neutralisation?

A

A chemical reaction between an acid and alkali to form a neutral solution

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19
Q

Acid + Metal hydroxide → ? + ?

A

Salt + Water

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20
Q

Acid + Metal Oxide → ? + ?

A

Salt + Water

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21
Q

Name the salt formed when calcium hydroxide with nitric acid

A

Calcium nitrate

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22
Q

Name the products formed when a
metal carbonate reacts with an acid.

A

Salt + water + carbon dioxide

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23
Q

Name the products formed when magnesium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid

A

Magnesium Chloride + water + carbon dioxide

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24
Q

What are titrations ?

A

A very accurate experimental technique which finds the unknown concentration of a solution

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25
What are concordant results?
Results which are very close to each other
26
What is the name of the reaction where a substance gains oxygen?
Oxidation reaction
27
Metal + Oxygen → ?
Metal Oxide
28
Copper + Oxygen → ? + ?
Copper oxide
29
Describe a method to make pure, dry crystals from a metal oxide and dilute acid?
-Measure out acid -pour acid into a beaker -add an excess amount of metal oxide in the beaker -stir and mix reactants -set up a conical flask with a funnel and filter paper -Add in the mixture for filtration -The acid will filter through and become filtrate -The metal oxide will stay in filter paper as residue -Add the filtrate into an evaporation basin -Heat up the filtrate with a Bunsen burner Then leave the crystals to cool and dry
30
Observations of potassium reacting with oxygen
Lilac flame
31
Observations of sodium reacting with oxygen
Orange flame
32
Observations of Lithium reacting with oxygen
Red flame
33
Metal + Acid → ? + ?
Salt and hydrogen
34
Observations of metal reacting with acid
Metal dissolves Gas produced Fizzing
35
Observations of Potassium reacting with acid
Explosive Vigorous bubbles
36
Observations of Sodium reacting with acid
Explosive Vigorous bubbles
37
Observations of Lithium reacting with acid
Explosive Vigorous bubbles
38
Observations of Calcium reacting with acid
Fizzes/warm
39
Observations of Magnesium reacting with acid
Fizzes/warm
40
Observations of Zinc reacting with acid
Fizzes slowly
41
Observations of Iron reacting with acid
Fizzes slowly
42
Observations of copper reacting with acid
No reaction
43
Metal + Water → ? + ?
Metal hydroxide + hydrogen
44
Observations of metal reacting with water
Metal dissolves temperature increase Fizzing
45
Lithium + Water → ? + ?
Lithium hydroxide + hydrogen
46
Name the reactivity series
Potassium Sodium Lithium Calcium Magnesium Aluminium Carbon Zinc Iron Tin Lead Hydrogen Copper Silver Gold Platinum
47
Observations of Potassium reacting with water
Fizzes Melts Floats Moves on the surface of water lilac flame
48
Observations of sodium reacting with water
Fizzes Melts Floats Moves on surface of water sometimes a yellow orange flame
48
Observations of Lithium reacting with water
Fizzes Floats Moves on the surface of water
49
Observations of Calcium reacting with water
Fizzes White solid forms Warm
50
Observations of Magnesium reacting with water
Very slow
51
Observations of zinc reacting with water
No reaction
52
Observations of Iron reacting with water
No reaction
53
Observations of Copper reacting with water
No reaction
54
What is a displacement reaction?
When a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its compound
55
Iron + Copper sulfate → ? + ?
Iron sulfate + Copper
56
What is an ore?
An ore is a rock containing a metal compound from which a metal can be extracted for profit
57
Which metals don't use an extraction method?
Silver Gold Platinum
58
Which metals are extracted from their ores chemically by reduction using carbon?
Zinc Iron Tin Lead Copper
59
Which metals are extracted using electrolysis?
Potassium Sodium Lithium Calcium Magnesium Aluminium
60
Whats does OIL RIG stand for?
Oxidation Is Loss of electrons Reduction Is Gain of electrons
61
What is a redox reaction?
Where REDuction and OXidation take place at the same time
62
What is Electrolysis?
Electrolysis is using electricity to break down electrolytes to form elements
63
What does electrolysis mean?
Splitting up with electricity
64
What is an electrolyte?
A liquid or solution that can conduct electricity
65
What is an electrode?
A solid that conducts electricity
66
What is the positive electrode called?
Anode
67
What is the negative electrode called?
Cathode
68
What happens in electrolysis?
An electric current is passed through an electrolyte Ions begin to move to the electrodes where they react Positive ions move towards the cathode and gain electrons Negative ions move towards the anode and lose electrons Creates a flow of charge As ions gain or lose electrons they form uncharged elements
69
What is a positive ion called?
Cation
70
What is the negative ion called?
Anion
71
Can an ionic solid be electrolysed?
No because ions are in fixed positions and cant move
72
When can ionic compounds conduct electricity?
Ionic compounds can conduct electricity when molten or dissolved as the ions are free to move
73
Which non metals always win?
Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Iodine Astatine (Halogens)
74
Which metals always win?
Copper Silver Gold Tin Lead
75
What does the charges on elements symbolise?
Oxidation states
76
What is reduction?
When a substance loses oxygen
77
What is pH probe?
A device used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a substance
78
What does PANIC stand for?
Positive Anode Negative Is Cathode
79
Which electrode will the positive ion go to?
Cathode
80
Which electrode will the negative ion go to?
Anode
81
Describe the structure of diamond
Giant covalent lattice Tetrahedral structure/each carbon atom is covalently bonded to four other atoms
82
Give 6 properties of transition metals
Hard High density High melting boiling points Form coloured compounds Low reactivity Form different charged ions
83
How is ore extracted?
Ore is mined and then processed to separate the metal compound
84

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