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Science > Geography > Flashcards

Geography Flashcards

1
Q

what is development?

A

Economic growth and improvements in living standards in a country

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2
Q

What is the development gap?

A

The difference in standards of living around the world

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3
Q

State the factors that can affect development

A

Environmental
Social
Economic
Political
Historical

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4
Q

State the environmental factors that can affect development

A

Natural disasters
Climate
Landlocked

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5
Q

State the social factors that affect development

A

Quality and access to healthcare and education

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6
Q

State the economic factors that affect development

A

Number of jobs
Trade
Average pay

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7
Q

What is GNI?

A

The total domestic and foreign output of a country divided by the number of people who live in that country

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8
Q

Define ‘Birth rate’

A

The number of live births per 1000 population per year

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9
Q

Define ‘Death rate’

A

The number of deaths per thousand population per year

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10
Q

Define ‘HDI’

A

An index consisting of years of schooling, life expectancy and GNI per capita. scored between 0-1

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11
Q

Define ‘Life expectancy’

A

The average age a person can expect to live

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12
Q

Define ‘literacy rate’

A

The percentage of adults that can read and write

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13
Q

Define ‘Infant mortality rate’

A

The number of deaths of infants under 1 yr old per 1000 live births

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14
Q

Define ‘access to clean water’

A

Having a source of safe water within 1km of the dwelling

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15
Q

Define ‘people per doctor’

A

The average number of people for each doctor

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16
Q

What are the advantages of HDI?

A

Well rounded measurement (includes multiple indicators)
Represents the impact the government have on the population
All 3 indicators are interrelated

17
Q

What are the disadvantages of HDI?

A

Only include 3 indicators
Just a number and doesn’t consider migrating factors
Have the problems of averages over-inflating data

18
Q

Define ‘Natural increase’

A

Higher birth rate than death rate

19
Q

Define ‘Natural decrease’

A

Death rate is higher than birth rate

20
Q

What does a high birth rate in an LIC mean?

A

Equality inbalance
Less contraception
Replacement babies

21
Q

What does a high death rate in an LIC mean?

A

Poor hygiene
Poor nutrition
Poor access to healthcare

22
Q

What does a high death rate in an HIC mean?

A

Women are more career focused
Access to contraception
Culture for small families

23
Q

What does low death rate in an HIC mean?

A

Better access to healthcare
Ageing population

24
Q

Describe stage 1 in the DTM

A

High birth rate and death rate (fluctuating)
Population=Low + fairly stable
Factors affecting= zero contraception
disease, war, famine
example countries = tribes in amazon rainforest

25
Q

Describe stage 2 in the DTM

A

Birth rate =high
Death rate= fall rapidly
population= low but rapidly increasing
Factors affecting= limited contraception, large families to bring more income
Example countries= Ethiopia, Afghanistan

26
Q

Describe stage 3 in the DTM

A

Birth rate drops rapidly
Death rate continues to decrease slowly
population=growing slowly
Factors affecting = improvements in education and healthcare
Access to contraception
Improved levels of gender equality
Example countries =Brazil, India, Nigeria

27
Q

Describe stage 4 in the DTM

A

Birth rate is low
Death rate is low
population= Establishing and growing
Factors affecting=
-Strong economies
-Highly educated citizens
-Good healthcare systems
-Employment opportunities for women

28
Q

Describe stage 5 in the DTM

A

Birth rate is very low
Death rate is very low
Population is declining
Factors affecting=
-Smaller families demand
-Ageing population
Example countries= Germany, Japan

29
Q

State 2 limitations of the DTM

A

Does not take migration into consideration
Does not consider the unpredictable e.g. Pandemics, government policies

30
Q

State the causes of uneven development

A

Landlocked
Climate
Natural disasters
Diseases
Trade
Colonialism

31
Q

State 8 strategies to reduce the development gap

A

Investment
Industrial development
Tourism
Aid
Intermediate technology
Fairtrade
Debt relief
Microfinance loans

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