Geography

Question 1

what is development?

Answer 1

Economic growth and improvements in living standards in a country

Question 2

What is the development gap?

Answer 2

The difference in standards of living around the world

Question 3

State the factors that can affect development

Answer 3

Environmental
Social
Economic
Political
Historical

Question 4

State the environmental factors that can affect development

Answer 4

Natural disasters
Climate
Landlocked

Question 5

State the social factors that affect development

Answer 5

Quality and access to healthcare and education

Question 6

State the economic factors that affect development

Answer 6

Number of jobs
Trade
Average pay

Question 7

What is GNI?

Answer 7

The total domestic and foreign output of a country divided by the number of people who live in that country

Question 8

Define ‘Birth rate’

Answer 8

The number of live births per 1000 population per year

Question 9

Define ‘Death rate’

Answer 9

The number of deaths per thousand population per year

Question 10

Define ‘HDI’

Answer 10

An index consisting of years of schooling, life expectancy and GNI per capita. scored between 0-1

Question 11

Define ‘Life expectancy’

Answer 11

The average age a person can expect to live

Question 12

Define ‘literacy rate’

Answer 12

The percentage of adults that can read and write

Question 13

Define ‘Infant mortality rate’

Answer 13

The number of deaths of infants under 1 yr old per 1000 live births

Question 14

Define ‘access to clean water’

Answer 14

Having a source of safe water within 1km of the dwelling

Question 15

Define ‘people per doctor’

Answer 15

The average number of people for each doctor

Question 16

What are the advantages of HDI?

Answer 16

Well rounded measurement (includes multiple indicators)
Represents the impact the government have on the population
All 3 indicators are interrelated

Question 17

What are the disadvantages of HDI?

Answer 17

Only include 3 indicators
Just a number and doesn’t consider migrating factors
Have the problems of averages over-inflating data

Question 18

Define ‘Natural increase’

Answer 18

Higher birth rate than death rate

Question 19

Define ‘Natural decrease’

Answer 19

Death rate is higher than birth rate

Question 20

What does a high birth rate in an LIC mean?

Answer 20

Equality inbalance
Less contraception
Replacement babies

Question 21

What does a high death rate in an LIC mean?

Answer 21

Poor hygiene
Poor nutrition
Poor access to healthcare

Question 22

What does a high death rate in an HIC mean?

Answer 22

Women are more career focused
Access to contraception
Culture for small families

Question 23

What does low death rate in an HIC mean?

Answer 23

Better access to healthcare
Ageing population

Question 24

Describe stage 1 in the DTM

Answer 24

High birth rate and death rate (fluctuating)
Population=Low + fairly stable
Factors affecting= zero contraception
disease, war, famine
example countries = tribes in amazon rainforest

Question 25

Describe stage 2 in the DTM

Answer 25

Birth rate =high Death rate= fall rapidly population= low but rapidly increasing Factors affecting= limited contraception, large families to bring more income Example countries= Ethiopia, Afghanistan

Question 26

Describe stage 3 in the DTM

Answer 26

Birth rate drops rapidly Death rate continues to decrease slowly population=growing slowly Factors affecting = improvements in education and healthcare Access to contraception Improved levels of gender equality Example countries =Brazil, India, Nigeria

Question 27

Describe stage 4 in the DTM

Answer 27

Birth rate is low Death rate is low population= Establishing and growing Factors affecting= -Strong economies -Highly educated citizens -Good healthcare systems -Employment opportunities for women

Question 28

Describe stage 5 in the DTM

Answer 28

Birth rate is very low Death rate is very low Population is declining Factors affecting= -Smaller families demand -Ageing population Example countries= Germany, Japan

Question 29

State 2 limitations of the DTM

Answer 29

Does not take migration into consideration Does not consider the unpredictable e.g. Pandemics, government policies

Question 30

State the causes of uneven development

Answer 30

Landlocked Climate Natural disasters Diseases Trade Colonialism

Question 31

State 8 strategies to reduce the development gap

Answer 31

Investment Industrial development Tourism Aid Intermediate technology Fairtrade Debt relief Microfinance loans