Chest Flashcards
(191 cards)
1
Q
Smallest anatomical unit visible on HRCT
A
Secondary lobule of Miller
2
Q
Def inferior accessory fissure
A
Separates medial basal seg from remainder of lower lobe
3
Q
Def superior accessory fissue
A
Seperates superior seg from basal segmnet of right lower lobe
4
Q
MC bug to cause non-segmental pneumonia
A
Strep pneumonia
5
Q
MC batwing hilar consolidation
A
Hydrostatic pulmonary edema
6
Q
What are Kerley lines and desc A and B
A
Interlobar septal thickening, A = Longer more medial hilar directed, B = Perpendicular to pleura and short
7
Q
Desc cavitary lesions wall thickness to say benign vs malignant
A
Benign : <4mm, Malignant >15mm
8
Q
Cause of passive atelactasis
A
Loss of lung volume
9
Q
MC cause of round atelectasis
A
Asbestos patients
10
Q
2 direct signs of atelectasis
A
Displaced interlobar fissue and crowded vessels/brocnhi
11
Q
Def Potters syndrome
A
Renal agenesis, AbN facies, limb AbN, Pulmonary hypoplasia
12
Q
Interlobal bronchopulmonary sequestrum
A
Defined triangular opacity in posterior costophrenic, usually on the left
13
Q
MC loc for a bronchogenic cyst
A
mediastinal
14
Q
MC loc for a pulmonary bronchogenic cyst
A
Medial 1/3rd of lower lobes
15
Q
Def Congenital adenomatoid malformation
A
AbN pulmonary tissue with gross cyst formation
16
Q
Desc Cor trintriatum
A
Heart with 3 atriums, causes venous obstruction
17
Q
TAPVR shunt direction
A
Goes right to left. required to live. By patent foramen ovale or ASD
18
Q
Hypoplastic lung with PAPVR in the right lung
A
Scimitar lung
19
Q
Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome is AKA
A
hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. AVM is various tissues, likes the lower lobes
20
Q
Sandstorm appearance on CXR
A
Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis
21
Q
Rad for Gaucher dz
A
Reticulonodular or miliary pattern that is diffuse and bilateral
22
Q
Occulocutaneous albanism, defect in platelet function and accumulation of ceroid pigment in the body
A
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome
23
Q
MC location of edema in air-space disease
A
periphery
24
Q
MC CAP
A
Strep pneumoniae
25
Rad DDx between Strep, Staph and Klebsiella
Strep - Nonsegmental, touches visceral-pleural surface, only 1 lobe affected
Staph - Segmental, touches fissure, usually more than 1 lobe
Klebsiella - Bulging fissure, cavitation, pleural effusion, currant jelly sputum
26
Yersinia Pestis is AKA
Black Plague
27
MC opportunistic bug in CF pts
Burkholderia Cepacia
28
MC cause of tracheobronchitis in ventilator pts
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
29
Rad finding of H. influenza
Bronchopenumonia that is patchy/segmental, pleural effusion
30
TB affects which nodes the most
Hilar
31
MC fungal ball
Aspergillus
32
% of cavitary post primary TB
20-45%; likes Apical posterior segment of UL
33
MC complication of post primary TB
Pericarditis
34
Lady Windermere syndrome
Older female, focal bronchietactasis, patchy nodules with cavitation
35
Histoplasmosis likes which lobe
Lowers lobes, calcifications
36
Pneumocystis jiruvici affects what lobes
Bi lower lobes
37
MC form of invasive aspergillosis
Angioinvasive aspergillosis (Pts usually have leukemia)
38
Type of influenza causing pneumonia
Type A
39
Extrapulmonary complications of Mycoplasm, rash, fever, stomatitis, opthalmis
Steven-Juhusin
40
SCC is ass'd with what virus
HPV
41
MC type of bronchogenic CA
AdenoCA
42
2nd MC type of bronchogenic CA
SCC
43
Lung cancer that likes the center
Small cell and SCC
44
% of small pulmonary nodules are malignant
40%
45
Max size of a nodule
3cm
46
What type of calcification indicates benign
Diffuse, laminated or central
47
MC pulmonary cancer to cavitate
SCC
48
Pulmonary cancer to show airspace (pneumonia) pattern
bronchoalveolar
49
Lung cancer to bone mets %
40%
50
Which subtype of lung cancer likes to go to the liver
Small cell CA
51
Myasthenia gravis-like symptoms, but affects proximal mucles rather than distal
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
52
MC primary pulmonary neoplasm in kids/child
carcinoid
53
How often do carcinoid tumors calcify
5%
54
MC tracheobronchial gland neoplasm
adenoid cystic carcinoma
55
Tracheobronchial papilloma is found in what age and where
1-3 YO, trachea
56
Secondary NHL location and cavitation?
Lower lobes and rarely cavitates
57
MC HD lymph nodes loc
paratracheal and prearterial
58
Sex and age of epitheloid hemangioendothelioma
<40 YO female
59
Pulmonary chondromas, gastric epitheloid leiomyosarcoma and extraadrenal paraganglioma is what triad
Carney's triad
60
Age and sex of Carney triad
<40 Female
61
Chondromas that calcify
30%
62
2nd MC ST sarcoma in lung
Fibrosarcoma (MC is leiomyosarcoma)
63
MC loc of fibrosarcoma in lung
Lobar or main bronchi
64
MC manifestation of thoracic endometriosis
Pneumothorax
65
% of ppl with extrapulmonary Ca with mets to lungs
30-50%
66
MC lung mets presentation and lobe predominance
parenchymal nodules and lower lobes
67
MC and 2nd MC location for colorectal CA mets
1. liver 2. lungs
68
leading cause of respiratory dz in HIV infected adult
Strep pneumonia
69
% of AIDS pts to get PCP
75%
70
MC fungus ass'd with systemic infection in HIV patients
Cryptococcus neoformans
71
Kaposi sarcoma location
Perihilar, Bi/sym
72
Does HIV increase pulmonary CA
Yes
73
MC sarcoid stage is
Stage 1
74
+C agent for sarcoid
gallium-67, shows hilar and paratracheal lymphadenopathy
75
% of LCH with lung disease
85%
76
Loc of LCH in lungs
Upper/middle lung zone, sparing costophrenic angle
77
MC cause of interstitial lung disease
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
78
Diffuse lung disease with diabetes insipidus
LCH, histoplasmosis, sarcoid
79
MC rad finding in SLE
pleural effusion
80
Age and sex of rheumatoid disease
Men 50-60 YOA
81
What antibody is seen in upto 95% of CREST
Anticentromere antibody
82
Location pulmonary changes in dermato/polymyositis
Sym/Bi, basal
83
% of pts with ABN CXR in Churg-Straus pts
70%
84
Small vessel necrotizing vasculitis
Microscopic polyangitis
85
Artery affected in Takayasu
Aorta and branches
86
Giant cell arteritis affects
large arteries of the head and neck
87
Antigen ass'd with Behcet
HLA-B51
88
Pulmonary findings in Behcet disease
Pulmonary artery aneurysm
89
Necrotizing vasculities of small vessels, purpura, abd pain, GI hemorrhage, arthritis and glomerulonephritis
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
90
Henoch-Schonlein purpura VS microscopic polyangitis
HSP - Kids, purpura
| MP - 50+
91
Antigens with goodpasture syndrome
HLA-DR15, Dr4, anti-GBM
92
MC cause of arterial thrombosis from pulmonary arteries
Infectious pneumonia (Staph aureus), Mets can also do it
93
Rad Thromboembolism with hem or infarct
Segmental consolidation with volume loss, illdefined parenchymal opacity, MC in RLL
94
MC bug to cause septic thromboembolism
Staph aureus
95
MC pulmonary complication of sickle cell anemia
Acute chest syndrome
96
MC cause of Cor pulmonale
COPD - 80%
97
Size of main pulmonary artery on CT/MR
29mm
98
Reversal of the normal L--> R shunt d/t Right heart pressure
Eisenmenger syndrome
99
MC cause of pulmonary venous HTN
L ventricular hypertrophy
100
Narrow pulmonary vessels lower lobe, disention in upper loss of sharp vasculature margin, perihilar haze
Pulmonary venous HTN
101
Primary pulmonary arterial HTN
Enlarged central pulmonary artery, rapid tapering, eripheral oligemia, no overinflation
102
MC cause of cardiogenic pulmonary edema
Increase pulmonary venous pressure secondary to left heart disease
103
initial location of ARDS
peripheral
104
Increase in AP tracheal diameter, COPD
Saber Sheath trachea
105
Tracheobronchomegaly is AKA
Mounier-Kuhn syndrome
106
blue bloater vs pink puffer; right heart failure
Blue bloater - COPD
107
MC lethal genetically transmitted dz in caucasian
CF
108
Loc of early CF
Periphery 92-3-cm) with hilar nodal enlargement
109
Bronchiectasis adjacent to a pulmonary artery
Signet ring sign
110
Mechanical obstruction of genital tract, bronchiectasis and sinusitis
Young's syndrome
111
Location of respiratory bronchilitis
Upper lobes
112
Loc of nodular opacity with silica
Posterior aspect of upper lobe
113
MC complication of chest trauma
Pulmonary contusion
114
MC of chylothorax
malignancy
115
MC cause and loc of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax
COPD, 90% are right sided
116
HU of liposarcoma
-50
117
MC cause of acute mediastinitis
bacterial infection
118
MC cause of chronic mediastinitis
TB/fungal
119
MC organism in fibrosing mediastinitis
Histoplasma
120
MC primary neoplasm of anterior mediastinum
Thymoma
121
MC paraneoplastic syndrome with thymoma
Myasthenia gravis
122
Teratoma malignancy rate when cystic vs solid
```
Cystic = Benign
Solid = Malignant
```
123
MC malignant mediastinal germ cell neoplasm
Seminoma
124
Giant lymph node hyperplasia is AKA
Castleman dz
125
MC loc of bronchogenic cyst
Paratracheal/subcarinal
126
Loc of paraganglioma
Aorticopulmonary and paravertebral
127
Def aortic nipple
Dilation of left superior intercostal vein
128
2 syndromes that can affect the ascending aorta
Marfans and Ehlers-Danlos
129
MC malignant neoplasm of Diaphragm
Fibrosarcoma
130
4 defects in TOF
1. Pulmonic stenosis, 2. Right ventricular hypertrophy, 3. High VSD, 4. Overriding aorta
131
Def Ebstein anomaly
Downward displacement of tricuspid valve with enlarged R atrium and small R ventricle
132
Heart shape in Ebstein anomaly
Box/square shaped
133
Consistent finding in PDA
Enlarged pulmonary artery
134
L to R shunts are cyanotic or non-cyanotic
Non-cyanotic
135
What is Lutembacher syndrome
ASD with mitral stenosis
136
What enlarges with a VSD
Bi ventricles and L atrium
137
Common anomaly ass'd with COA
Bicuspid aortic valve (85%)
138
Williams syndrome is
Mental and physical retardation, Elfin facies, hypercalcemia and peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis
139
MC type of COA
Distal to the ductus arteriosus
140
COA can be ass'd with chromosomal syndrome
Turners syndrome
141
Classification system for rotation anomalies of the heart
Rosenbaum
142
% of pts with TOF with R aortic arch
25%
143
% of pts with R aortic arch that have TOF
90%
144
MC anomaly of the great vessels
Abberant R subclavian
145
Mc cause of cor pulmonale
Pulmonary emphysema
146
MC cause of ventricular aneurysm
Coronary a. occulsion
147
MC loc of a myxoma
L atrium (75%), R atrium (25%)
148
Loc of cardiac rhabdomyosarcoma or fibrosarcoma
ventricular wall
149
Age and sex of a Takayasu Pt and rad findings
Young females, large vessel wall calcification
150
Spyhillitic (leutic) aortitis
Ascending aorta dilation with thin calcification
151
MC location of traumatic aneurysm in horizontal deceleration
Distal to L subclavian
152
MC location of traumatic aneurysm in vertical deceleration
Just above the aortic valve
153
Water bottle heart shape is found in what condition
Pericardial effusion
154
MC mass involving the pericardium
Pericardial cyst
155
Nocardia pneumonia is common in
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
156
ABPA rad
Central, upper lobes with saccular bronchiectasis, finger in glove sign
157
Size of lymph node in SAX b9 vs malignant
b9 <1cm ; malignant >1cm
158
AdenoCA likes to mets where
Adrenals
159
Small and large cell CA likes to mets where
Brain, bone and kidney
160
MC loc of a hamartoma and what is its CT HU
peripheral; fat attenuation (-40 to -120)
161
What % of Stage 1 sarcoid progresses
15%
162
Def Heerfordt synd
Parotid gland enlargement, fever, uveitis, CN palsies seen with sarcoid
163
Sarcoid secondary infxn is
Aspergilosis
164
Smoking related ILD
DIP
165
Connective tissue/ autoimmune related ILD
LIP
166
Hammond-Rich synd is AKA
Acute intersitial pneumonia
167
Demo for LAM syn
Young female, recurrent pneumothorax, hemoptysis and progressive dyspnea
168
MC and 2MC sites of involvement in scleroderma
Distal 2/3 of esophagus and lungs
169
Lung changes in EG pts
Cystic spaces in lung parenchyma, pulmonary nodules, apical reticulonodular pattern, pneumothorax
170
Extrinsic allergic alveolitis is AKA & rad
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
| Diffuse GGO, reticulonodular interstitial pattern
171
Loffler syn AKA
Simple pulmonary eosinophilia
172
% of tracheobronchial tumors are malignant, MC and 2nd MC
90%
SCC
Adenoid cystic carcinoma
173
tracheobronchomegaly is ass'd with what syndrome
Ehlers-Danlos
174
GI manifestations of CF
Pancreatic insufficiency, liver cirrhosis and rectal prolapse
175
Grades of cardiogenic pulmonary edema
Grade 1 - Vascular redistribution (cephaliation)
Grade 2 - Interstitial edema (Kerleys)
Grade 3 - Alveolar edema
176
Def Fleischner sign
Increase in pulmonary a diameter in acute PE
177
MC structural cardiac defects
Bicuspid aortic valve and mitral valve prolapse
178
2nd MC congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
179
Rad appearance of eisenmenger physiology
Large pulmonary a, left atrial enlargment, peripheral pulmonary arterial pruning
180
MC types of ASD
Ostium secundum
181
ASD is ass'd with what conditions
Holt-Oram, Lutembacher syndrome
182
Endocardial cushion defect is ass'd with
Downs (21)
183
What conditions lead to left to right shunt
VSD, PDA, ASD
Seen in PAPVR
184
Def Noonan syn and what cardiac abN
Short stature, webbed neck and hypogonadism and valvular pulmonary stenosis
185
Shunt in PRE-ductal COA
Right to left Via PDA or VSD
186
Shunt in POST-ductal COA
Left to right Via PDA
187
Egg-on-string heart sign is ass'd with what
Transposition of the great vessels
188
Def truncus arteriosus and ass'd
Single vessel leaves the heart, needs VSD to survive
189
MC congenital aortic arch anomaly
L aortic arch and aberrant R subclavian
190
Abd situs solitus
Liver on R and stomach on L... This is normal
191
Abd situs ambiguous
Sym liver and midline stomach
