Cheung Part 7

Question 1

what is scoliosis

Answer 1

lateral curvature greater than 10 degrees, often associated with rotational deformity

Question 2

who is more likely to have scoliosis more than 20 degrees

Answer 2

females 7:1

Question 3

what physical exam test is used for scoliosis

Answer 3

forward bend test

Question 4

what tests are done for scoliosis

Answer 4

full length X-rays to measure vertebral angle

Question 5

what is the treatment for scoliosis

Answer 5

brace if angle is greater than 30 degrees

surgery if angle is greater than 40-50degrees

Question 6

what is club foot

Answer 6

idiopathic congenital foot deformity
characterized by:
plantar flexion of ankle
adduction of heel
high arch
adduction of the forefoot

Question 7

what physical exams are done in club foot

Answer 7

rule out neurological problems

Question 8

what is the treatment of club foot

Answer 8

manipulation and casting immediately

surgery if still rigid at 3 years

Question 9

what is Osgood Schlatter

Answer 9

overuse injury causing apophyseal injury at tibial tubercle

pain over tibial tubercle

Question 10

what exam and test results are seen in Osgood Schlatter

Answer 10

pain over tibial tubercle

X-rays show fragmentation of tubercle

Question 11

what is the treatment of Osgood Schlatter

Answer 11

NSAIDs
rest
PT

Question 12

what is hip dysplasia

Answer 12

malformed hip socket and femoral head

associated with ligamentous laxity, left hip, female gender, breech presentation

Question 13

what exams are done for hip dysplasia

Answer 13

Barlow and Ortolani exam (can hear hip clunk)

Question 14

what tests can be helpful in hip dysplasia

Answer 14

ultrasound

Question 15

what is the treatment of hip dysplasia

Answer 15

Pavlik harness to force relation of hip

casting and surgery in older kids

Question 16

what is going on in the barlow test

Answer 16

dislocate hip by pushing it in and adducting

Question 17

what is going on in the ortolans test

Answer 17

relocate hip by pulling it down and abducting

Question 18

what is Perthes Disease

Answer 18

idiopathic osteonecrosis of femoral head

b/w 4-8 years old

Question 19

what are the symptoms and exam findings in perches disease

Answer 19

limp and stiffness

decreased INTERNAL rotation and abduction

Question 20

what are the test results in Perthes Disease

Answer 20

X-rays show sclerosis, coxa magna

MRI can help with diagnosis

Question 21

what is the treatment for Perthes disease

Answer 21

ROM and bracing

Question 22

what is a slipped capital femoral epiphysis

Answer 22

displacement of the femoral head through the physis usually during growth spurt
associated with obesity, males, sports, endocrine disrders

Question 23

what workup must be done is there is bilateral slipped capital femoral epiphysis

Answer 23

endocrine workup

Question 24

what are the symptoms and exam finding with slipped capital femoral epiphysis

Answer 24

pain with activity

loss of INTERNAL rotation with hip FLEXED

Question 25

what tests are done for slipped capital femoral epiphysis

Answer 25

AP and lateral X-rays show slip

Question 26

what is the treatment for slipped capital femoral epiphysis

Answer 26

surgical fixation in situ

Question 27

what is the normal genu varum/valgum throughout life

Answer 27

start in varum at birth 10-15 deg by 18 months straightens to 0 maximum valgum of 15deg at age 4 5-10 deg in adolescence

Question 28

what are the symptoms and exam findings associated with genu varum/valgum

Answer 28

worried parents | measure the knee angle

Question 29

what tests are done in for genu varum/valgum

Answer 29

weight bearing X-rays if outside normal

Question 30

what is the treatment for genu varum/valgum

Answer 30

observation bracing occasional epiphyseal stapling osteotomy

Question 31

what is a tarsal coalition

Answer 31

abnormal connection between tarsal bones

Question 32

what are the symptoms and exam findings in tarsal coalition

Answer 32

pain, limp, frequent ankle sprains | respricted hindfoot movment

Question 33

what test are done to tarsal coalition

Answer 33

X-rays will show CALCANEA NAVICULAR coalition | CT scan can confirm

Question 34

what is transient synovitis of the hip

Answer 34

sterile effusion of the hip causing pain

Question 35

what are the symptoms and exam finding with transient synovitis of the hip

Answer 35

limp, refuses to walk, groin pain history of viral infection elsewhere limp, stiffness, afebrile

Question 36

what tests are done in transient synovitis of the hip

Answer 36

X-rays show effusion CBC, ESR, CRP are not elevated joint aspirate less than 50,000 GETS BETTER WITH NSAIDS

Question 37

what is the difference b/w transient synovitis of the hip and infectious arthritis

Answer 37

transient synovitis joint aspirate has less than 50,000WBC infectious arthritis aspirate is more than 50,000 WBC NSAIDS work for transient synovitis infectious arthritis needs ABX