Dougherty Part 3

Question 1

what are the most common benign tumors of the bone

Answer 1

osteochondroma

fibrous cortical defect

Question 2

what is the most common malignant tumor of bone

Answer 2

osteosarcoma

Question 3

are benign or malignant tumors of bone more common

Answer 3

benign

Question 4

if a child has a bone tumor it is most likely to be what (malignant or benign)

Answer 4

benign

Question 5

a bone tumor in the elderly is most likely to be what (malignant or benign)

Answer 5

malignant

Question 6

what hereditary associations are there with bone tumors

Answer 6

li fraumeni syndrome (p53 mutation)
hereditary retinoblastoma (Rb mutation)

Question 7

what non hereditary associations are there with bone tumors

Answer 7

paget disease
metal prosthesis
chronic osteomyelitis
infarcts

Question 8

what bone tumors are found at metaphysis

Answer 8

osteoid osteoma
osteochondroma
osteosarcoma
chondroma
fibrous dysplasia
fibrous cortical defect
ABC

Question 9

what bone tumors are found at epiphysis

Answer 9

clear cell chondrosarcoma

chondroblastoma

Question 10

what bone tumors are found at the diaphysis

Answer 10

ewing sarcoma

fibrous dysplasia

Question 11

what bone tumors are found at the epiphysis/metaphysis

Answer 11

giant cell tumor

aneurysmal bone cyst

Question 12

what is seen in gardner syndrome

Answer 12

multiple osteomas
intestinal polyps
epidermal cysts
fibromatosis

Question 13

where are osteomas found in the bone and what sites are they common in

Answer 13

subperiosteal or endosteal cortex surface

common in sinuses skull and face

Question 14

how do osteomas present how

Answer 14

bosselated, round, oval or sessile

Question 15

what type of bone is affected osteomas

Answer 15

woven and lamellar bone +/- marrow

Question 16

what bones are osteoid osteomas normally found in

Answer 16

femur/tibia

humerus/hands/feet

Question 17

what bones are osteoblastomas normally found in

Answer 17

vertebrae posterior

Question 18

how big are osteoid osteomas normally

Answer 18

less than 2cm

Question 19

how big are osteoblastomas normally

Answer 19

greater than 2cm

Question 20

do ASA/NSAIDs provide relief for osteoid osteomas and/or osteoblastoma

Answer 20

works for osteoid osteoma

does not work for osteoblastoma

Question 21

how do you treat osteoid osteoma

Answer 21

radiation

Question 22

how doe you treat osteoblastoma

Answer 22

excision/curretage

Question 23

what ages do oseotid esteems and osteoblastomas present in

Answer 23

20’s

Question 24

what type of pain is associated with osteoid osteoma

Answer 24

intense at night

Question 25

what type of pain is associated with osteoblastoma

Answer 25

dull ache

Question 26

what is seen on an x-ray of osteoid osteoma

Answer 26

small round central lucent area in the bone cortex surrounded by sclerotic bone may see nidus

Question 27

what is seen on an x-ray of osteoblastoma

Answer 27

radiolucent posterior vertebra

Question 28

what is the most common nonhematopoetic malignant primary bone tumor

Answer 28

osteosarcoma

Question 29

what ages are associated with osteosarcoma

Answer 29

bimodal: 75% less than 20 years old (50% in knee) elderly (associated with Paget's disease, flat and long bones, bone infarction, prior irradiation, metal prosthesis)

Question 30

what is the most common location of an osteosarcoma

Answer 30

primary, solitary, long bone (KNEE) | metaphysis medulla

Question 31

what type of bone tumor is destructive with mixed lytic and blastic

Answer 31

osteosarcoma

Question 32

what is Codman triangle and when would one see it

Answer 32

tumor breaks through cortex and lifts periosteum | seen in osteosarcoma

Question 33

what is seen in osteosarcoma

Answer 33

``` painful enlarging mass grey-white with hemorrhage, necrosis destroy adjacent bone and soft tissue rare to breach epiphyseal plate or joint may have chondroid element ```

Question 34

where do osteosarcomas metastasis to

Answer 34

lungs, bones, brain

Question 35

if tumor is growing out of both sides of the bone what should be suspected

Answer 35

osteosarcoma

Question 36

when does one see a mushroom-shaped cartilage- cap

Answer 36

osteochondroma

Question 37

where does one normally find osteochondroma

Answer 37

metaphysis near growth plate of long tubular bones especially the knee marrow and cortex continuity

Question 38

what is multiple hereditary exostosis

Answer 38

hereditary osteochrondroma autosomal dominant ("double hit") EXT1 or EXT2 gene

Question 39

what is seen in osteochondroma

Answer 39

slow growing mass pain if impinges on nerve or fracture stop growing with closure of growth plate rare risk of chondrosarcoma (increased risk if multiple hereditary exocytosis

Question 40

what is an autosomal dominant ("double hit") disorder caused by EXT1 or EXT2 gene

Answer 40

multiple hereditary exostosis (osteochondroma)

Question 41

what is a chondroma and what types are there

Answer 41

benign hyaline cartilage tumors | types: enchondroma and subperiosteal chondroma (juxtacortical chondroma)

Question 42

what ages does one see chondromas

Answer 42

20-50

Question 43

what is enchondroma

Answer 43

chondroma of medullary cavity | solitary in metaphysics of tubular bones

Question 44

where are enchondromas most commonly found

Answer 44

hands and feet

Question 45

what is the most common intraosseous cartilage tumor

Answer 45

enchondroma

Question 46

what is a subperiosteal chondroma (juxtacortical chondroma)

Answer 46

chondroma of the surface of the bone

Question 47

how do enchondromas present

Answer 47

less than 3cm grey-blue | nodules of hyaline cartilage with peripheral enchondral ossification

Question 48

enchondroma has increased risk for sarcoma transformation when?

Answer 48

enchondromatosis (Oillier Disease) | Maffucci Syndrome

Question 49

what is maffucci syndrome

Answer 49

enchondromas with hemangiomas

Question 50

what common bone tumor of the phalynx

Answer 50

enchondroma

Question 51

chondroblastoma is most common where

Answer 51

epiphyses of knee

Question 52

what population is chondroblastoma common

Answer 52

teenages

Question 53

what is the neoplastic cell in chondroblastoma

Answer 53

chondroblasts

Question 54

what is seen on an x-ray of chondroblastoma

Answer 54

well-demarcated lucency