Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DPS > Child Development > Flashcards

Child Development Flashcards

1
Q

2 important processes of developmental psychology

A
  • Maturation
  • Learning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is plasticity?

A

Capacity for change in response to negative or positive life experiences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

4 basic learning processes in infancy

A
  • Habituation
  • Classical conditioning
  • Operant conditioning
  • Observational learning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which emotions are present from birth?

A
  • Contentment
  • Disgust
  • Distress
  • Interest
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which emotions are present from 2-7 months?

A
  • Anger
  • Fear
  • Joy
  • Sadness
  • Surprise
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which emotions are present from 12-24 months?

A
  • Embarrassment
  • Envy
  • Guilt
  • Pride
  • Shame
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is temperament?

A

Individual difference in emotional, motor and attentional reactivity and self-regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Types of influences on temperament

A
  • Hereditary
  • Home environmental
  • Cultural
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Schaffer and Emerson’s 4 phases of attachment

A
  • Pre-attachment phase
  • Indiscriminate attachment
  • Discriminate attachment
  • Multiple attachment phase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

At what age is the pre-attachment phase of attachment, and what is it?

A
  • Until 3 months of age
  • Preference for contact with human beings, manifesting as nestling, gurgling and smiling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

At what age is the indiscriminate attachment phase of attachment, and what is it?

A
  • Up to 7 months of age
  • Allows strangers to look at them without noticeable distress, provided stranger gives adequate care
  • Starts to discriminate between familiar and unfamiliar people
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

At what age is the discriminate attachment phase of attachment, and what is it?

A
  • From 7-8 months of age
  • Actively tries to stay close to certain people and becomes distressed when separated from them
  • Requires infant to be able to discriminate between main caregiver and others
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

At what age is the multiple attachment phase of attachment, and what is it?

A
  • 9 months onwards
  • Strong additional ties are formed
  • Fear of stranger weakens but strongest attachment remains
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is synchrony?

A

Action between main caregiver and infant production produces an attachment (useless after 36 months)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ainsworth’s types of attachment

A
  • Anxious avoidant type
  • Secure attachment
  • Anxious resistant
  • Disorganised/disorientated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the anxious avoidant type of attachment?

A
  • Infant indifferent to main caregiver
  • Play is little affected by whether main caregiver present
  • Actively ignores/avoids main caregiver upon return
  • Distress caused by being alone
  • As easily comforted by main caregiver as stranger
17
Q

What is the secure attachment type of attachment?

A
  • Infant plays happily with main caregiver present, whether stranger present or not
  • Main caregiver largely ignored because they can be trusted
  • Clearly distressed when main caregiver leaves (play reduced)
  • Seeks immediate contact when main caregiver returns (quickly calmed + play resumed)
  • Distress caused by main caregivers absence, not being alone
  • Main caregiver treated differently from stranger
18
Q

What is the anxious resistant type of attachment?

A
  • Infant is fussy and wary when caregiver present
  • Cries lots more than other types
  • Difficulty using main caregiver as secure base
  • Very distressed when main caregiver leaves and seeks contact on return, but simultaneously shows anger and resists contact
  • Actively resists strangers efforts to make contact
19
Q

What is the disorganised/disorientated type of attachment?

A
  • Combination of resistant and avoidant patterns
  • Reflect confusion about whether to approach or avoid caregiver
  • When reunited with caregiver they may be dazed or freeze or move closer then quickly move away
20
Q

Factors that influence attachment security

A
  • Sensitive response caregiving (secure attachment)
  • Inconsistent, neglectful, over-intrusive and abuse caregiving (insecure attachment)
  • Environmental factors (eg. poverty, stormy relationship between caregivers)
21
Q

3 moral components in moral development

A
  • Affective
  • Cognitive
  • Behavioural
22
Q

4 patterns of parenting

A
  • Authoritarian
  • Authoritative
  • Permissive
  • Uninvolved
23
Q

GMC definition of “abuse or neglect”

A

Physical, emotional or sexual abuse, including fabricated or induced illness, and emotional or physical neglect, which has led, or may lead, to significant harm to a child or young person

24
Q

Possible signs of physical and emotional abuse

A
  • Unexplained or repeated injuries (eg. bruising)
  • Injuries in the shape of an object
  • Injuries not likely to happen given the age or ability of the child
  • Disagreement between child’s and parent’s explanation of injury
  • Obvious neglect of child (eg. dirty)
  • Fearful behaviour
  • Aggressive or withdrawn behaviour
  • Afraid to go home
25
Q

Possible signs of sexual abuse

A
  • Difficulty walking or sitting
  • Stained or bloody underwear
  • Genital or rectal pain, itching, swelling, redness or discharge
  • Bruises or other injuries in the genital or rectal area
  • Soiling or wetting pants or bed after being potty trained
  • Withdrawing from activities and others
  • Talking about or acting out sexual acts beyond normal sex play for age
26
Q

How can children be prepared for hospital before admission?

A
  • Children books about hospitals
  • Hospital visit
  • Videos
27
Q

How can children be prepared for hospital on admission?

A
  • Show children instruments
  • Distraction strategies (no time to think)
28
Q

What might upset a child in hospital?

A
  • Pain
  • Eating new, unfamiliar food
  • New smells
  • Strange sounds
  • Different routines
  • Lots of new, strange people
  • Illness itself
29
Q

How can children react to a hospital stay?

A
  • Nightmares
  • Anxious
  • Cry a lot
  • Throw tantrums
  • Refuse to eat/speak
  • Become withdrawn - lost confidence and frightened
  • Afraid to be on own
  • Return to earlier stages of development (eg. bed wetting, thumb sucking)

DPS (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions