Child evolution I Flashcards
(79 cards)
1
Q
Factors that affect the mother during pregnancy? (6)
A
- Inheritance
- Parents age
- Tobacco, drugs and radiation
- Socioeconomic and environmental level
- Multiple pregnancies
- Stress
2
Q
From ages 0-6 the child goes through these different changes: (4)
A
- Physical
- Cognitive
- Emotional
- Social
3
Q
Pregnancy can be divided into 3 stages:
A
- Germinal stage (0-3rd week)
- Embryonic stage (4th-8th week)
- Fetal period (from the 9th week)
4
Q
When is the germinal stage of pregnancy?
A
0-3rd week
5
Q
When is the embryonic stage of pregnancy?
A
4th-8th week
6
Q
When is the fetal period stage of pregnancy?
A
form the 9th week onwards
7
Q
What occurs during the embryonic stage? (2)
A
great cell differentiation
and the organs appear
8
Q
What occurs during the fetal stage of pregnancy?
A
- Very fast growth
9
Q
How big is a child at less than 3 months? (2)
A
- Measures 50cm
- weighs 3.5 kg
10
Q
How big is a child during fetal stage of pregnancy? (3)
A
At week 28:
- measures 35cm
- weighs 1000 grams
11
Q
What happens with a baby’s weight 10 days after birth?
A
they recuperate the weight lost during the
delivery (150/250gr)
12
Q
When a child is less than 3 months old, the head is ______ the body’s length with….? (4)
A
- head is 1/4th the body’s length
- have big eyes
- small nose
- no chin
13
Q
During the first 2 months of life, there is very fast growth of _____g/day
A
30
14
Q
When does a baby grow 30g/day?
A
first 2 months of life
15
Q
When does a child’s crying reach its maximum?
A
6 weeks
16
Q
When is it important to have the mother-son bond? why?
A
less than 3 months
for correct future behavior
17
Q
When does a child have the neck tonic reflex?
A
At 3 months old
18
Q
What is the neck tonic reflex?
A
Baby having the capacity to keep their head up
19
Q
What is characteristic of a healthy 3 month old? (3)
A
- more mobility
- smiles
- makes sounds
20
Q
What reflexes disappear at 3 months old?
A
- walking/stepping reflex (primitive reflex)
- Palmar grasp reflex
21
Q
What emotions does a 6 month old show? (4)
A
- happiness
- discomfort
- fear
- shyness
22
Q
What can a 6 month do physically? (4)
A
- Sit without support (bigger muscular capacity)
- able to play with their hands and feet
- maintain weight on their hands
- chewing (first primary teeth start to erupt)
23
Q
Characteristics of a 8-9 year old? (2)
A
- They learn to stand up and wander with help.
- They learn how to grasp with the thumb
24
Q
What can a 1 year old do mentally/emotionally?
A
- understand and speak 2-3 words
- get angry when separated from parents
25
What can a 1 year old do physically? (3)
- able to crawl (better motor abilities )
- stop putting objects in mouth
- pincer grasp appears and there is bone and visual maturation
26
Dental treatment of a 1 year old? (4)
- Short and simple, no communication
- Cannot expect a rational response
- Parents cooperation is really important
- Avoid harming with any object.
27
What can a 2 year old do physically?
- run, jump, climb
- have short legs, lumbar lordosis and bulging abdomen
- take first steps (12-15 months)
28
When does a child take their first steps?
12-15 months
29
What can a 2 year old do mentally/emotionally? (3)
- 75% of their intracranial brain volume is achieved
- copy parents and older siblings to learn
- learn in cause-effect way
30
How does a 2 year old talk? (2)
- vocabulary of 15-20 words
| - make 2 word sentences
31
How do we treat a 2 year old?
- Same as 1 year old
- possible that the child resists
- communicate using senses
- simple communication
- take advantage of lapses of attention
32
How much does a 3 year old measure/weigh?
- 15 kg
| - 94-95 cm
33
What can a 3 year old do physically? (3)
fine motor skills:
- pile 5 buckets
- copy circles/crosses
- draw human body
34
What can a 3 year old do emotionally?
- relate to other children
- susceptible to praises
- egocentric and deny other points of view
- interactions without parents = anxiety
35
How does a 3 year old talk?
- voacbulary of 1000 words
- sentences of 3 words
- know how to count
36
Dental treatment in a 3 year old?
- Short and simple
- They have a semi-dependence
- They feel the dentists best friend
- Praise their behavior
- VERY good patients
- Give specific orders
37
How much does a 4 year old weigh/measure?
- 16 kg
| - 100cm
38
What can a 4 year old do physically?
- Control their bowels
- get dressed alone
- kick a ball
- distinguish right from left
39
How does a 4 year old talk?
- 4 word sentences
- understand 100% of the language
- use past tense
- very talkative
40
How is growth in a 4 year old?
Constant but with less intensity
41
How is growth in a 3 year old?
Stop in encephalic growth
42
Dental treatment in a 4 year old? (6)
- can be apart from parents
- signal discomfort by raising hand
- talk and ask queestions
- tell-show-do technique
- do NOT use word pain
- give specific orders
43
6 year old weight/ height?
18.5kg
| 109cm
44
What can a 6 year old do physically? (3)
- hop on one foot
- ride a bike
- somersaults
- tying shoe laces (fine motor skills)
45
How does a 5 year old talk? (3)
- richer vocabulary and use better syntax
- future tense
- 5-6 word sentences
46
What can a 5 year old do mentally?
distinguish between morning, afternoon/ day and night
47
Dental treatment of a 5 year old? (3)
- Good patients
- React well to praise
- dentist has to be firm
48
How does a 6 year old grow? (4)
- Constant but with less intensity
- head grows slowly
- trunk grows moderately
- big growth of the limbs
49
6 year old weight/height?
- 5kg/year
| - 10cm/year
50
How does a 6 year old talk?
10,000 word vocabulary
51
What can a 6 year old do physically? (2)
skate and ride bikes
52
6 year old mentally/emotionally? (3)
- Always want to be right
- have tantrums
- agressive shy
53
6 year old dental treatment? (4)
- Try to reason
- They react well to praise
- Use a language adapted to their age
- PANORAMIC AND LATERAL X-RAY
54
Eruption sequence: < 1 year old? (2)
- The first permanent molar cusps are formed.
| - They may have con natal or neonatal teeth
55
When do the lower central incisors erupt?
6-10 months
56
When do the upper central incisors erupt?
8-12 months
57
When do the upper lateral incisors erupt?
9-13 months
58
When do the lower lateral incisors erupt?
10-16 months
59
Mandibular movements in children are limited when..
the first anteroposterior contact appears ~ 1 year old
60
What dental changes occur at 1 year old? (3)
- first neuromuscular patterns are settled
- incisors erupt
- mandibular movements limited by first anteroposterior contacts
61
What dental changes occur at 2 years old? (3)
- first primary molars erupt = discontinuous arch
- canines erupt
- new contacts form new neuromuscular patterns
62
When do the first lower molars erupt?
14-18 months
63
When do the upper first molars erupt?
13-19 months
64
When do the lower canines erupt?
15-21 months
65
When do the upper canines erupt?
16-22 months
66
What dental changes occur at 3 years old? (2)
- second primary molars erupt
| - this stabilizes the interocclusal relation first molars have created
67
When does the lower second molar erupt?
21-31 months
68
When does the upper second molar erupt?
25-33 months
69
What dental changes occur at 3 years old?
All the permanent dentition is developing except for
| the third molars
70
What dental changes occur at 4 years old? (2)
- primary dentition is complete and occluding
| - physiological reabsorption of roots starts 1-2 years after their eruption
71
What dental changes occur at 5 years old? (2)
- Physiological reabsorption of the upper and lower incisors.
- The diastemas become more evident.
72
When does reabsorption of the incisors occur?
at 5 years old
73
What dental changes occur at 6 years old? (2)
- first transitional period of mixed dentition
| - many reabsorptions of primary dentition
74
Pathologies in <1 year old?
connatal and neonatal teeth
75
Pathologies in a 1 year old? (5)
- Baby bottle tooth decay
- Rampant caries
- Trauma
- Short frenulums
- Dental eruption
* discard disabuse (whatever that means)
76
Pathologies in a 2 year old? (5)
- Baby bottle tooth decay
- Rampant caries
- Trauma
- Short frenulums
- Dental eruption
* discard disabuse (whatever that means)
77
Pathologies in a 3 year old? (4)
- Caries
- Trauma
- They may affect the permanent dentition.
- Teeth with mobility are not
reimplanted or splinted
78
Pathologies in a 4-5 year old?
- Caries
- Trauma
- They may affect the permanent dentition.
- Teeth with mobility are not
reimplanted or splinted
79
Pathologies in a 6 year old?
- Caries
- Trauma
- They may affect the permanent dentition.
- Determine exfoliation time of incisors before treating their caries
