General anesthesia Flashcards
(52 cards)
Define general anesthesia (2)
- Controlled unconsciousness
- loss of protective reflexes
Define unconsciousness (3)
amnesia, analgesia and hypnosis
Define protective reflexes (3)
- Capacity to keep airways permeable
- respond to stimuli and verbal orders
General anesthesia: Paracelsus? (2)
(XVI century)—ether
General anesthesia: Priestley?
(1172)—-nitrous oxide
1st general anesthesia? (5)
19th century
- Ethyl chloride, ethylene, propilene
- Chloroform
Effects of general anesthesia? (4)
- Analgesia
- Amnesia
- Reflex inhibition
- Absence of skeletal muscles tone
Drugs used for general anesthesia must be…(5)
- Of reversible action
- Of foreseeable action
- Of controlled action
- High therapeutic coefficient
- Have minimal secondary effects
Which ASAs can be treated with general anesthesia?
ASA I - healthy
ASA II - mild systemic disease
Which ASAs can not be treated with general anesthesia?
ASA III - severe systemic disease
and up should be treated at the hospital
The patient selection for general anesthesia must be based on 3 factors:
- Child’s capacity to collaborate
- Pathology that must be treated
- Age/weight
General anesthesia indications? (8)
- small child with a lot of pathology
- physically and mentally disabled
- patients with severe systemic diseases
- cerebral palsy, down syndrome, severe mentally disabled
- patients with phobia to the dentist
- ineffectiveness of the local anesthesia
- big orofacial traumas and oral surgry
- protection against psychological alterations
General anesthesia indications: small child with a lot of pathology? (2)
- Big destructions, baby bottle tooth decay
* Evaluate if we can wait
General anesthesia indications: Physically and mentally disabled? (3)
- Paraplegia, scoliosis, tetraplegia, spina bifida
- Some airways problems
- Some cases of blindness, deafness
General anesthesia indications: With severe systemic diseases (8)
- Kidney diseases
- Blood dyscrasias, severe coagulopathies
- Convulsive disorders
- Inmunodepressed and transplanted patients
- Oncologic patients
- Patients that have been hospitalized for a long time
- Severe infections
- With craneofacial alterations
General anesthesia indications: Cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, severe
mentally disabled
Those patients that are unable to maintain a minimum of voluntary immobility
General anesthesia indications: Patients with phobia to the dentist
Those that even with strong premedication or
inhaled sedation can´t control their behavior
General anesthesia indications: Ineffectiveness of the local anesthesia
Due to systemic or metabolic alterations
General anesthesia indications: Big orofacial traumas and oral surgery
Oral surgery procedures that other way would be
very unpleasant
General anesthesia indications: Protection against psychological alterations
Patients with psychosis, schizophrenia,…
General anesthesia counter indications (4)
- Family history of malignant hypertension
- Severe renal or hepatic failure that can´t be
controlled - Pulmonary edema
- Full stomach (no eating or drinking 6 hours before)
Advantages of general anesthesia?
It enables us to achieve a good quality in our treatments
Disadvantages of general anesthesia? (4)
- Hospitalization as a frequent cause of anxiety: Studies demonstrate that
children that have been hospitalized may present some kind of behavior
alteration after the hospitalization - Fear or phobia to the general anesthesia: Accidents in the past
- Treatment limitations: The treatments must be done in one session, great
reconstructions are not recommended, do less conservative treatments - Increase in the treatment cost
General anesthesia: Order of the treatment plan? (3)
- Pulp treatment
- Fillings
- Teeth extractions
