Child evolution II Flashcards
(75 cards)
1
Q
Boys have more muscle in the _____ area
A
scapula
2
Q
Girls have more fat at the ___ area
A
pelvic
3
Q
Boys height at 6 years old?
A
121 cm
4
Q
Boys height at 9 years old?
A
140 cm
5
Q
Boys height at 12 years old?
A
154 cm
6
Q
Girls height at 6 years old?
A
119 cm
7
Q
Girls height at 9 years old?
A
137 cm
8
Q
Girls height at 12 years old?
A
157 cm
9
Q
Speed of growth (height) in children?
A
5-6 cm until puberty
10
Q
A constant variation in speed of height growth can indicate..?
A
pathology
11
Q
At what age are boys taller? Girl?
A
- 6-9 the boys are taller
- 9-12 girls are taller because of
puberty
12
Q
What is the growth rate at puberty?
A
10-13cm/year
13
Q
When do girls go through puberty?
A
11-15 years old
14
Q
When do boys go through puberty?
A
12-16 years old
15
Q
What are the stages of puberty for girls? (3)
A
- Telarchy
- Pubarchy
- Menarchy
16
Q
What is telarchy? (3)
A
1st stage of puberty in girls
- breast development
- max growth of 10-12cm / year
17
Q
What is pubarchy? (3)
A
2nd stage of puberty
- axilla and pubic hair
- 10cm/year growth
18
Q
What is menarchy? (3)
A
3rd stage of puberty
- first menstruation
- residual growth (3-4cm/year for 1-2 years)
19
Q
How many stages of puberty do boys have?
A
3
20
Q
What occurs during the first stage of puberty in boys? (2)
A
Increase in body fat and muscle mass
21
Q
What occurs during the second stage of puberty in boys?
A
appearance of secondary sexual characters
22
Q
What occurs during the 3rd stage of puberty in boys?
A
Increase in height (10-15cm more than girls)
23
Q
Puberty: proportions?
A
Head and neck proportions start to look like those
in the adult thanks to the great growth of the trunk
and limbs
24
Q
boys weight 6 years old?
A
24kg
25
Girls weight 6 years old?
23kg
26
Boys weight 9 years old?
33kg
27
Girls weight 9 years old?
32kg
28
Boys weight 12 years old?
44kg
29
Girls weight 12 years old?
45kg
30
there are bigger variations in ____ than ____ (height/weight)
BIGGER VARIATIONS IN THE WEIGHT THAN THE HEIGHT
31
Increase in weight during puberty?
3.5kg/year
32
When do boys weigh more than girls?
6-9 years old boys weigh more
| 9-12 years old girls weigh more
33
Physical changes in the heart during puberty? (3)
- There is an increase of the arterial tension
- There is a decrease in the heart rate rate
- Both become more similar to the adult values
34
Lymphatic tissue growth?
Big growth of the lymphatic tissue until puberty
35
Cranial changes in children 6-12 years old? (2)
- at age 10: 96% of skull growth achieved, looking similar to an adults skull
- suture closure at puberty
36
Which facial third grows at ages 6-12?
lower third
37
Which bones grow from ages 6-12? (4)
- nasal bones
- mandible and maxilla
- malar bones
- alveolar processes
38
How does the face grow from age 6-12?
Downward and forward balacing facial proportions
39
When do boys weigh more than girls?
6-9 years old boys weigh more
| 9-12 years old girls weigh more
40
Physical changes in the heart during puberty? (3)
- There is an increase of the arterial tension
- There is a decrease in the heart rate rate
- Both become more similar to the adult values
41
Lymphatic tissue growth?
Big growth of the lymphatic tissue until puberty
42
Cranial changes in children 6-12 years old? (2)
- at age 10: 96% of skull growth achieved, looking similar to an adults skull
- suture closure at puberty
43
Which facial third grows at ages 6-12?
- Middle and lower third increase
| - lower third increases more
44
Which bones grow from ages 6-12? (4)
- nasal bones
- mandible and maxilla
- malar bones
- alveolar processes
45
How does the face grow from age 6-12?
Downward and forward balancing facial proportions
46
How does the maxilla grow from age 6-12?
- Grows to make space for the permanent molars
| - sagittal growth is the biggest
47
How does the mandible grow from age 6-12? (4)
- downward and forward
- body grows more than the ramus
- condyle becomes rounder
- TMJ almost reaches its final shape
48
How does the facial appearance change from ages 6-12?
- more convex face
- bigger nose
- eyes closer together and smaller
- bigger facial balance
49
Cognitive changes from age 6-12? (4)
- Complete development of the central nervous system: Great mental capacity.
- School attendance
- Logic thinking
- They are aware of everything
50
Best age for dental treatment (if they collaborate)?
11-12 years old
51
When does permanent dentition being to erupt?
6 years old
52
When is enamel completely formed?
8 years old
53
When does a child only have permanent dentition?
12 years old
54
Permanent teeth characteristics? (3)
- more yellow
- developmental lobes in incisal borders
- apex closes 3-4 years after eruption
55
The eruptive sequence occurs ___ months in girls before boys
3-7 months
56
The eruptive sequence occurs ___ months in the mandible before the maxilla
5-7 months
57
Caries: we must control the ____ for the 1st upper permanent molars
palatal pit
58
Caries: we must control the ____ for the 1st lower permanent molars
buccal pit
59
Caries: we must control the upper incisors ______
cingulum
60
Caries: we must control the ___ of all teeth
interproximal surfaces
61
What treatment do we do in temporary dentition if there is reversible pulpitis and only the coronal pulp is affected?
Pulpotomy
62
What treatment do we do in temporary dentition if there is irreversible coronal pulpitis and the radicular pulp is affected?
pulpectomy
63
What treatment do we do in temporary dentition if there is necrosis with big abscess, mobility, and affecting the permanent tooth germ?
Extraction and space maintainer
64
What treatment do we do in permanent dentition if there is caries near pulp with no pulp exposure?
indirect pulp capping
65
What treatment do we do in permanent dentition if there is less than 1mm and less than 24 hours? No symptoms of pulp affectation
direct pulp capping
66
What treatment do we do in permanent dentition if there is less than 1mm and more than 24 hours? only coronal pulp affectation and OPEN APEX?
pulpotomy/apexogenesis
67
What treatment do we do in permanent dentition with irreversible pulpitis or necrosis and and open apex?
Apexification
68
What treatment do we do in permanent dentition with necrosis and and open apex?
Revascularization
69
What causes space problems in children's teeth? (5)
- interproximal caries
- osteodental discrepancies
- agenesis
- supernumerary teeth
- ectopic eruption
70
What habits can contribute to malocclusions? (4)
* Atypical swallowing
* Digital suction
* Pacifier
* Oral breathing
71
Bite wings help check for... (4)
* Interproximal caries
* Furcation lesions
* Root lesions: Resorption
* Old treatment supervision
72
Panoramic /perioapical xrays check for ...? (4)
* Eruptive sequence (favorable or not)
* Agenesis or supernumerary
* Impacted teeth
* Cysts, dislacerations
73
Pediatric dentist's goals? (5)
```
1st- Supervise eruption
2nd- Prevention
3rd- Restorative treatment
4th- Orthodontic treatment
5th- others
```
74
What percent of fluoride do we use for weekly rinses?
0.2%
75
What percent of fluoride do we use for daily rinses?
0.05%
