Child topic 1 - Intelligence Flashcards
(33 cards)
What did Gardner argue about intelligence?
It is not a single entity, so can’t be measured by simple IQ tests - there are 7 different types of intelligence- people will differ in how they learn based on which intelligence is their strongest.
What were the types of intelligence proposed by Gardner?
Visual-spatial
Bodily-Kinaesthetic
Musical
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
Linguistic
Logic-mathematical
Who was Goodenough-Harris’ intelligence test aimed at?
Young children - not over the age of 10
What were the children in Goodenough-Harris’ study asked to do?
To draw various figures - e.g. a man, a woman, themselves. they were given a standardised instruction and had no official time limit
(but it never lasted longer than 10 minutes)
How was intelligence measured in Goodenough-Harris’ study?
The children’s drawings were analysed and they were given points for a variety of features e.g. ears, legs, correct proportions
outline the evaluation (validity) of Goodenough-Harris’ intelligence test
Not as specific as Iq tests but have shown concurrent validity when assessed alongside standardised IQ tests (children performed similarly on both)
What are the three raven’s progressive matrices called?
Standard progressive Matrices
Colour progressive matrices
Advanced progressive matrices
What are the standard progressive matrices?
The original form of Raven’s - for children and young people aged 7-18 years - 60 items, all presented in black and white
What are the color progressive matrices?
for children aged 4-7, the elderly and some disabled people - 36 items presented on a coloured background
What are the advanced progressive matrices?
18+ - 48 items split into 12 and 36 - presented in black and white
How did Raven address the problem of people getting to know the questions?
Parallel versions of standard and coloured were published in 1998
What is the most common and popular non-verbal IQ test? Why?
Raven’s progressive matrices, because they are easier to administer and interpret
What are Raven’s progressive matrices designed to measure?
Educative reasoning ability, the ability to infer or work out an answer based only on the infor one has been given
What are participants asked to do in each question of Raven’s progressive matrices?
To identify the missing element that completed a visual geometric design. They are given 6-8 choices to choose from.
What was the sample for Schoenthaler’s study?
615 schoolchildren from 4 different schools in California
What is fluid intelligence?
the ability to reason in abstract ways and solve problems logically without experience
What is crystallised intelligence?
The ability to acquire knowledge through learning and experience
Outline the procedure of Schoenthaler’s study?
participants assigned to one of 4 groups - placebo then increasing strengths of vitamins for 12 weeks. Intelligence was tested before and after the 12 weeks.
What did the results of Schoenthaler’s study show?
For the non-verbal Wechsler test there were highly significant improvements in IQ, whereas for the verbal tests there was none
Children who already had a nutritious diet had less increased IQ than those who didn’t
What were the conclusions of Schoenthaler’s study?
fluid intelligence affected by nutrient supplementation
What was the aim of Van Leeuwen’s study?
to separate the effects on intelligence of having shard genes as opposed to a shared environment
To investigate why spouses have similar IQ scores
What was the sample in Van Leeuwen’s study?
112 families. Each had a pair of twins (MZ or DZ), sibling (aged 9-14) and two parents
From the Netherlands twin registry
What was the method of Van Leeuwen’s study?
Cheek swaps taken at home to confirm zygosity
To assess intelligence, children completed Raven’s standard progressive Matrices. parents completed Raven’s advanced progressive Matrices
Testing was done over a 5 hour period
What was done to control for differing levels of difficulty in Van Leeuwen’s study?
The Rasch model was used - gives different points for differing difficulties (so the tests average out)
