Self report

Question 1

What are open question?

Answer 1

Questions which ask a participant to respond to a set question but leave a blank underneath the question so participants can answers in whatever style they choose

Question 2

What are closed questions?

Answer 2

Questions which give the answers to the participant so that they can choose the most appropriate answer for them

Question 3

What are two advantages of closed questions?

Answer 3

Earlier and quicker for the participant to respond
The data collected is easy to compare and analyse

Question 4

What are two disadvantages of closed questions?

Answer 4

Restricts participants answers
Difficult to give real reasons for behaviour

Question 5

What are two disadvantages of open question?

Answer 5

Researcher gets in depth reasons for participants behaviour
Gives participants flexibility/options to give their real reasons for behaviour

Question 6

What are two disadvantages of open questions?

Answer 6

Time consuming to complete and analyse
Responses might not be relevant to what the researcher requires

Question 7

What are rating scales?

Answer 7

A scale which allows the participant to mark the strength and direction of their attitude. A question is given with a series of responses to choose from

Question 8

What are three advantages of rating scales?

Answer 8

It is more detailed than a simple yes or no answers.
It still gives quantitative data that can be compared and easily repeated
Gives the researcher an idea of how strongly the participant feels about something

Question 9

What are two disadvantages of rating scales?

Answer 9

There can be a tendency of participants to choose the middle scale so they don’t look too extreme.
Still don’t give an idea of why participants have chosen that option

Question 10

What is a standard response set?

Answer 10

The tendency to give the same answer in response to all the different statements

Question 11

How could you control for a standard response set?

Answer 11

Have half of the statements have agree to represent a positive attitude and the other half a negative attitude

Question 12

What is a likert scale?

Answer 12

Composed of a number of statements for which the participants indicate whether they agree or disagree (with other options e.g strongly…)

Question 13

What are semantic differentials?

Answer 13

A type of rating scale where an attitude object it given (e.g chocolate) and then the participants have to indicate between a series of bipolar adjectives where they would place their feelings in relation to chocolate (e.g tasty/gross)

Question 14

What is a structured interview?

Answer 14

The interviewer asks the same questions to each participant in the same order. Closed questions are ofthen used

Question 15

What is a semi- structured interview?

Answer 15

The interviewer will have a set of pre-prepared questions to ask and is expected to ask all of them; other questions will be developed during the interview in response to answers given by the interviewee

Question 16

What is an unstructured interview?

Answer 16

The researcher has topics to discuss but these don’t have to be in the same order for each participant. The interview is more like a conversation

Question 17

What are two strengths of a structured interview?

Answer 17

Using the same questions means the interview is standardised and can be repeated in the same way for all.
Important people may feel more secure knowing question areas.

Question 18

What is a weakness of structured interviews?

Answer 18

Cannot ask additional questions. This may prevent them from seeking further clarification on a point or not filling up on something interesting

Question 19

What is a strength of a semi-structured interview?

Answer 19

Allows the interviewer to use additional questions to seek clarification On a response or explore an interesting comment made

Question 20

What are two weaknesses of semi-structured interviews?

Answer 20

Although there is some flexibility the interview is still likely to be contained around the set questions
Any additional questioning might vary making it difficult to compare between participants

Question 21

What are two strengths of unstructured interviews?

Answer 21

Allows for information to be gathered that might not be revealed from set questions
It allows the interviewer to have the freedom to ask on the spot questions

Question 22

What is a weakness of unstructured interviews?

Answer 22

Difficult to compare responses from the different participants, as they may be asked very different questions from each other

Question 23

What are two advantages of questionnaires?

Answer 23

East to keep confidential
Easy to collect a lot of varied data from a large group of people

Question 24

What are three disadvantages of questionnaires?

Answer 24

It can be difficult to design a good questionnaire
Response rate is often low
Respondents may be untruthful

Question 25

What is a strength of interviews?

Answer 25

It can be good to meet with people face to face, read their body language/ develop a good relationship with them

Question 26

What are two disadvantages of interviews?

Answer 26

Can be time consuming as often only one participant can be interviewed at a time Lack of confidentiality

Question 27

What is nominal data?

Answer 27

A headcount of the number of participants who do one thing compared to another

Question 28

What is ordinal data?

Answer 28

The rank order in which data can be placed.

Question 29

What is a weakness of ordinal data?

Answer 29

No account is taken of how much further the highest is from the second highest etc

Question 30

What is interval or ratio data?

Answer 30

It takes into account bit just rank order but also individual results

Question 31

What is social desirability?

Answer 31

When participants give answers that that think will present them in a good light

Question 32

What is a leading question?

Answer 32

A type of question that may cause the participant to be more likely to give a particular answer

Question 33

What are the key features of a questionnaire?

Answer 33

They are written methods of gaining data, they can be paper of electronic, they no not necessarily require the presence of the researcher

Question 34

What are the key features of an interview?

Answer 34

Verbal questioning of the subject by a researcher (e.g face to face or on the phone)