childhood deseases Bronchiolitis

Question 1

Name 6 main childhood diseases

Answer 1

BronchiolitisAsthmaCroupFebrile illnessFebrile convulsionMeningitis/septicaemia

Question 2

Pathophysiology
Aetiology
Demographics
Assessment
Management/treatment
think about theses

Answer 2

Pathophysiology
Aetiology
Demographics
Assessment
Management/treatment

Question 3

Bronchiolitis

most common when

Answer 3

Most common lower respiratory tract infection affecting children under 1 year
Peak age is 2 - 5 months

Question 4

Bronchiolitis

Answer 4

Caused by RSV (respiratory syncytial virus)
The virus replicates in epithelial cells of the bronchioles causing necrosis and shedding of the cells.
New epithelial cells not cilliated.
Lack of cillia and > secretions cause obstruction of small airways.
Impairs gaseous exchange.
Work of breathing and O2 consumption >
Diagnosis made on clinical findings.

Question 5

Bronchiolitis

Characteristics

Answer 5

Dry cough & wheeze		Nasal discharge
 Low grade pyrexia			Anorexia
 Tachycardia				Tachypnoea
 Recession				Head bobbing
 Nasal flaring			Hypoxia
 Grunting	
 Fine inspiratory crackles and/or high pitched expiratory wheeze

Reluctant to feed
Parents/sibling may have concurrent cold type symptoms
Irregular breathing and apnoea (temp cessation of breathing, common in prem babies)
SSC videos in asse4ssment PPP show babies with bronchiolitis

Question 6

Bronchiolitis

High Risk Factors

Answer 6

Born at < 35/40
< 2/12 old
Congenital heart disease / Chronic lung disease of prematurity
Comorbidities
O2 sats < 92 % in O2
Deteriorating resp status, increasing resp distress and/or exhaustion
Recurrent apnoea

Question 7

Bronchiolitis

Management

Answer 7

Aged under 2 years – referral to appropriate facility as per EMAS clinical bulletin

Provide respiratory support as required

Treatment in hospital aims to provide respiratory support.

Antivirals, antibiotics, steroids and nebulisers have been shown to be ineffective