Chp 2: CNS Anatomy

Question 1

Brain Directions

Answer 1

Top: Dorsal/ Superior
Bottom: Ventral/ Inferior
Front: Rostral/ Anterior
Back: Caudal/ Posterior
medial
lateral

Question 2

Brain sections

Answer 2

Coronal(frontal): cut at front view
Mid-sagittal (medial): down the midline
Horizontal: like looking from above

Question 3

Afferent

Answer 3

Input

Question 4

Efferent

Answer 4

Output

Question 5

The use of spinal nerves

Answer 5

Delivering information from internal organs, muscle, somatosensory receptors, etc.

Question 6

Sympathetic Activation

Answer 6

Fight or flight/ freeze
-Mobilized to threat

Question 7

Parasympathetic Activation

Answer 7

Associated with a state of rest and digestion

Question 8

The Cranial Nerves (Vagus)

Answer 8

Collects info of internal organs, e.g. digestion
Motor commands also conducted in the vagus nerve

Question 9

Protective Meninges

Answer 9

• Dura mater: the tough outermost membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord
• Arachnoid mater: Blood vessels travelling
• Pia mater: Direct contact to the brain, like a wet tissue paper
  From top to bottom order

Question 10

the names of the forebrain (—lons)

Answer 10

Telencephalon
Diencephalon

Question 11

the names of the midbrain (—lons)

Answer 11

Mesencephalon

Question 12

the names of the hindbrain (—lons)

Answer 12

Metencephalon
Myelencephalon

Question 13

Use of cerebellum

Answer 13

Primarily involved in coordinating movement and balance.
- can play a role in cognitive functions like language and attention.

Question 14

Cerebellar agenesis

Answer 14

Born missing your cerebellum
Probs:
-Walk
-Speech
-lang

Question 15

Where are the tectum and tegmentum located?

Answer 15

Mesencephalon (Midbrain)

Question 16

Tectum (with bumps) is composed of the…

Answer 16

composed of the
-Superior colliculus: Visual inputs
-Inferior colliculus: Auditory/ sounds

Question 17

The Cerebellum and Brain Stem

Answer 17

Mostly information travels through this area en route to other target structures
There are some important relay nuclei (clusters of neuron cell bodies)

Question 18

The Thalamus

Answer 18

• The Thalamus is an important relay station in the brain
• Functional parcelling of information
• Sending info to appropriate processing center

Question 19

Nuclei of Thalamus

Answer 19

Medial geniculate nucleus
Lateral geniculate nucleus: For the retina/ visual
- Discernable based on shape (only need to rmb these 2 for this page)

Question 20

Hormonal Control Of Behaviour includes… and is primary responsible by…

Answer 20

Eating/ drinking/ agression/ sexual behaviour
- Hormonal control of motivated behaviours
- emotion
- Pituitary gland

Question 21

gyri

Answer 21

bumps

Question 22

sulci

Answer 22

grooves/ depressions

Question 23

Outer surface of the brain is built of _ diff layers of cells

Answer 23

6

Question 23

50% of the ________ is axonal cabling

Answer 23

telencephalon (forebrain)

Question 24

name of the front tip of the corpus callosum

Answer 24

genu

Question 25

name of the end tip of the corpus callosum

Answer 25

splenium

Question 26

Limbic System

Answer 26

Associated with motivated behaviours and processing emotions

Question 27

Basal Ganglia and Diencephalon

Answer 27

System related to coordination of movement

Question 28

NMDA: critical receptor for____ in brain

Answer 28

Glutamate
- The most impt excitatory neurotransmitter in your brain

NMDA: in all areas of the brain, highly conc in hippocampus
- Need it for messages to move

Question 29

Anti-NMDAR encephalitis (7)

Answer 29

— First reported in 2007
— Multistage illness
— Prodomal symptoms
- Headache, fever, nausea, flu-like symptoms (70% of patients
experience this)
— Psychiatric symptoms
- Anxiety, fear, delusions, mania, paranoia, sometimes social withdrawal
—- Memory problems, speech problems
—- Seizures: might be a good thing and can be seen by a neurologist
—- Catatonia: Rigid, immobility, problem with heart rate
—- Sometimes associated with ovarian teratoma (tutom)