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Psych3227A > Chp 9: Emotion > Flashcards

Chp 9: Emotion Flashcards

1
Q

NMDA RECEPTOR + GLUTAMATE COMMUNICATION (6)

A
  • Hot, wet tears, emotional outburst
  • Buoyant happiness
  • Hot tears, humiliated, on display
  • Perilous happiness
  • Hysterics
  • Emotion would blaze
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2
Q

Major features of Emotional experiences (5)

A

Psychophysiological
Dimensionality / affect
Facial expressions , postures, movements
Self-report cognition
Intuition

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3
Q

Psychophysiological (5)

A
  • Automatic Nervous Systerm
  • Sympathetic/ parasympathetic outputs
  • How it responds
  • heart rate, respiration
  • Fingerprints but has disagreement
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4
Q

Dimensionality / affect

A
  • Valence (positive to negative scale)
  • Arousal (excited to sleepy)
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5
Q

Facial expressions , postures, movements

A

Some argue that there is one expression for one mood

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6
Q

Self-report cognition

A

Are you angry? Sad?
Put a label

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7
Q

Intuition (4)

A

Your body has a record of previous experiences and guide your decision

  • “follow your heart”
  • May not have a conscious decision

Patient EP: hippocampal amnesiac

  • Doesn’t have ability to create new autobiographic memory
  • Do you recognise researchers?
  • Yes and no, but intuitively lets them in door quicker
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8
Q

2 different 8 basic emotions

A

8 basic emotions by Robert Plutchik

  • A higher or lower valence
  • Emotions are mixture of the basic 8s

Basic categorisation of Paul Ekman

  • 8 basic emotions
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9
Q

Associated conceptions on basic emotions (5)

A
  • Universal on basic emotions
  • Adaptive, evolutionary to survive and reproduce
  • Innate
  • Hard-wired circuits
  • fear: amygdala
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10
Q

How emotional processes occur in brain: classical views of emotions

A
  • Common sense
  • James-Lange
  • Cannon-Bard
  • Schacter

All has stimulus, conscious feeling, and automatic arousal

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11
Q

Fear conditioning - Joseph Ledoux Classical Views - Circuits

A

Pair the foot shock with conditioned stimulus

Fear (conditioned response)

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12
Q

When lesion amygdala: fear (2)

A

Can no longer condition rat to have fear

Suggest importance for fear conditioning

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13
Q

Amygdala (4) the parts in it

A

Not a homegenuous structure

Ce

  • Central nucleus

CM

  • Corticomedial

BL

  • Basolateral nucleus
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14
Q

How info moves through the amygdala nucleus (5)

A

Sensory information is processed into temporal lobes and amygdala and coming in from the basal nucleus

  • Afferent input into the amygdala is the basolateral nucleus

Processing in corticomedial nucleus (medial/ accessory basal nucleus)

  • Efferent information leaves via the central nucleus

Info leaves amygdala through Ce and to the hypothalamus, midbrain, pons, medulla, effect automatic nervous system

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15
Q

Patient SM (4)

A

Urbach-Wieth disease

  • Calcification of amygdala bilaterally
  • Renders the amygdala, non-functioning
  • Report lack of feeling of fear
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16
Q

Klüver-Bucy Syndrome – 1939 (6)

A

Results from bilateral removal of the amygdala and inferior temporal cortex

  • Tameness and loss of fear
  • Indiscriminate dietary behavior
  • Autoerotic, homosexual, and heterosexual activity (change sexuality)
  • Hypermetamorphosis
  • Examination of objects by mouth
  • Visual agnosia
17
Q

Hypermetamorphosis

A

An exaggerated visible exploration of objects

18
Q

Klüver-Bucy Syndrome Case Study

A

Hypersexuality after a 2nd right temporal lobectomy to treat epilepsy

  • Increased marital intercourse, masturbation, later downloaded child porn
  • Hyperphagia and distractability
  • Imprisoned
19
Q

Eliciting fear in those with bilateral amygdala damage

A

Able to elicit fear and panic attacks in patients who have bilateral amygdala damage by feelings of suffocation and inability to breathe

20
Q

Fear lives in the amygdala? (2)

A
  • Amygdala also shows activation during experiences other fear
  • In humans other brain regions are also activated during fear experiences (Antonio Damasio et al. 2000)
21
Q

Renaming fear conditioning (2)

A

Joseph LeDoux proposes:

Threat conditioning:

  • The process whereby a stimulus that was not assessed as threatening becomes so

Defense response complex

  • Autonomic nervous system and hormonal responses that ready the body to respond to the threat

Do not know if rats are actually fear processing

22
Q

Localisation views: Instead of amygdala (4)

A

Sham rage: inappropriate, overly aggressive responses

  • Need for posterior hypothalamus to be intact to express sham rage
  • Aggression localised in posterior hypothalamus

Prefrontal cortex

  • Impulse control
  • Phineas gage
23
Q

When different emotions are elicited…

A

multiple regions overlap
- away from localist view

24
Q

Lisa Feldman Barret: Theory of constructed emotion

A

Predictions:

  • How the brain works all the time are more effective than reactions
  • Effortless and automatic
  • Constructed at very short and very long time scales across the whole body
  • Combine to create your simulation of the world
  • Basis of all your experiences and all your actions

Affect/mood

  • Your mood influences how you see
  • More basic than emotion
  • Body Budgeting
  • Valance
  • Arousal
  • Why do you see what you feel?
  • Brain is using predictions which become what you see to make sense of your affect
  • Eg. Stomach ache +lunch = hungry

Concepts

  • Different cultures draw lines on a rainbow at different places, despite rainbows being a continuum
  • Expertise can cause different categorisation
  • Words play essential role in concepts
  • When your brain is making a slew of predictions about what this (e.g. a dandelion might be like, it’s creating a concept

Psych3227A (11 decks)

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